Table 1.

Physiological functions and cytokines related to the induction of CD90⁺/CD90⁻ fibroblasts in some cells and disease

Cell name	CD90⁺/CD90⁻	Cytokines	Functions	References
Myometrial and orbital fibroblasts	CD90⁺	–	Differentiate into myofibroblasts	Koumas et al. (2003)
Myometrial and orbital fibroblasts	CD90⁻	–	Differentiate into adipose fibroblasts	Koumas et al. (2003)
Lung fibroblast	CD90⁺	PDGF, IL-1β, IL-4, TGF-β, Smad3, α-SMA	Inhibit differentiation into myofibroblasts	Yang et al. (2020)
Lung fibroblast	CD90⁻	PDGF, IL-1β, IL-4, TGF-β, Smad3, α-SMA	Differentiate into myofibroblasts	Yang et al. (2020)
Embryo fibroblast	CD90⁺	FGF1	Inducing angiogenesis	Hoseini et al. (2017), Jacobs et al. (2016), Bourgine et al. (2019)
Melanoma fibroblasts	CD90⁺	COL1A1	Inducing angiogenesis	Goldstein et al. (2005)
Esophageal cancer fibroblasts	CD90⁺	FAP, SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1	Inducing angiogenesis	Krämer et al. (2020)
Colorectal cancer fibroblasts	CD90⁺	CCL5, SLC25A24, pAkt, pmTOR	Inducing angiogenesis	Tancharoen et al. (2017), Gao et al. (2022)
Dermal fibroblasts	CD90⁺	ITGβ3, FasL	Promote apoptosis and maintain skin homeostasis	Schmidt et al. (2016)
Peritoneal fibroblasts	CD90⁺	TGF-β1	Promote cell proliferation, leading to fibrotic thickening of the peritoneum	Kawka et al. (2017)
Synovioblast	CD90⁺	IL-6, CXCL12, ISG, NOTCH3, IL-1RI, IL-1β	Inducing high inflammation	Huang et al. (2009)