Table 2:
Demographics and clinical characteristics
| All* | MODS* | No MODS* | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects (%) | 306 | 43 (14.0) | 263 (86.0) | - |
| Age (months | 6 (3–42.9) | 2 (0.2–5.3) | 8 (3.9–48) | <0.001 |
| Number of females (%) | 134 (43.8) | 20 (46.5) | 114 (43.3) | 0.70 |
| Other | 8 (2.6) | 1 (2.3) | 7 (2.7) | |
| Number of neonates (%) | 43 (14.1) | 17 (39.5) | 26 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| Number of single ventricle patients (%) | 117 (38.2) | 23 (53.5) | 94 (35.7) | 0.026 |
| Number of infants (%) | 182 (59.5) | 38 (88.4) | 144 (54.8) | <0.001 |
| Number of infants born premature (%) | 45 (14.7) | 13 (30.2) | 32 (12.2) | 0.002 |
| 5 | 22 (7.2%) | 10 (23.2) | 12 (4.6) | |
| CPB time in minutes | 138.0 (92.3; 183.0) | 176.0 (112.0; 206.5) | 132.0 (89.0; 179.0) | 0.005 |
| Number receiving MUF (%) | 195 (63.7) | 30 (69.8) | 165 (62.7) | 0.374 |
| Pre-op PRISM III | 2.0 (0.0; 3.0) | 5.0 (3.0; 7.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 3.0) | <0.001 |
| Post-op PRISM III | 8.0 (6.0; 12.0) | 13.0 (10.0; 16.0) | 8.0 (5.0; 11.0) | <0.001 |
| PELOD-2 preoperative | 0.0 (0.0; 2.0) | 2.0 (0.0; 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 2.0) | <0.001 |
| PELOD-2 24 hours postoperative | 4.0 (2.0; 6.0) | 7.0 (5.0; 8.0) | 4.0 (2.0; 5.0) | <0.001 |
| VIS at 4 hours post-CPB | 7.0 (5.0; 10.0) | 8.0 (7.0; 11.8) | 7.0 (4.5; 9.0) | 0.007 |
| Maximum VIS | 7.0 (5.0; 15.4) | 17.5 (14.5; 26.0) | 7.0 (5.0; 12.5) | <0.001 |
| Lowest pH | 7.29 (7.26–7.33) | 7.25 (7.2; 7.3) | 7.3 (7.3; 7.3) | <0.001 |
| Peak lactate | 2.4 (1.6–4.0) | 3.7 (2.3; 6.3) | 2.2 (1.5; 3.8) | <0.001 |
| Number receiving steroids postoperative (%) | 70 (22.9) | 24 (55.8) | 46 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| Number receiving steroids for hypotension postoperative (%) | 27 (8.8) | 13 (30.2) | 14 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Ventilator-free days | 27.0 (26.0; 28.0) | 17.0 (13.0; 23.0) | 28.0 (26.0; 28.0) | <0.001 |
| Vasoactive-free days | 26.0 (25.0; 27.0) | 20.0 (14.5; 22.0) | 27.0 (26.0; 27.0) | <0.001 |
| Number of in-hospital mortality (%) | 7 (2.3) | 6 (14.0) | 1 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| Number alive and out of the hospital by POD 28 (%) | 267 (87.3) | 20 (46.5) | 247 (93.9) | <0.001 |
| CICU LOS | 3.0 (2.0; 8.0) | 15.0 (11.0; 34.0) | 3.0 (2.0; 4.5) | <0.001 |
| Hospital LOS | 7.0 (4.0; 15.0) | 24.0 (19.0; 67.0) | 7.0 (4.0; 11.0) | <0.001 |
All data is presented as median (interquartile range) unless specified; MODS: persistent multiple organ dysfunction at postoperative day 5; neonate: <30 days old; infant: <12 month old; STAT: Society of Thoracic Surgery-European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery mortality category; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; PRISM: Pediatric Risk of Mortality score; PELOD-2: Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score-2; VIS: vasoactive inotropic score; POD: postoperative day; CICU: cardiac intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay