Table 3.
HIV status among participants with psychological distress by socio-demographic, health and HIV-related characteristics, South Africa 2012
| Sample characteristic | Total (n = 4556) |
HIV status | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative (n = 3730) |
Positive ((n = 826) |
|||
| Age group (years) | < 0.001 | |||
| 15 to 24 | 1020 (22.4) | 919 (90.1) | 101 (9.9) | |
| 25 to 49 | 2029 (44.6) | 1430 (70.5) | 599 (29.5) | |
| 50+ | 1505 (33.0) | 1379 (91.6) | 126 (8.4) | |
| Sex | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 1511 (33.2) | 1299 (86.0) | 212 (14.0) | |
| Female | 3045 (66.8) | 2431 (79.8) | 614 (20.2) | |
| Race group | < 0.001 | |||
| African | 3244 (71.2) | 2482 (76.5) | 762 (23.5) | |
| Other | 1309 (28.8) | 1245 (95.1) | 64 (4.9) | |
| Marital status | < 0.001 | |||
| Not Married | 3149 (70.3) | 2469 (78.4) | 680 (21.6) | |
| Married | 1332 (29.7) | 1209 (90.8) | 123 (9.2) | |
| Educational level | 0.001 | |||
| No education/Primary | 1004 (26.9) | 809 (80.6) | 195 (19.4) | |
| Secondary | 2521 (67.5) | 2044 (81.1) | 477 (18.9) | |
| Tertiary | 210 (5.6) | 191 (91.0) | 19 (9.0) | |
| Employment status | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2890 (70.2) | 2353 (81.4) | 537 (18.6) | |
| Yes | 1226 (29.8) | 976 (79.6) | 250 (20.4) | |
| Asset based SES | < 0.001 | |||
| Low SES | 2797 (62.1) | 2145 (76.7) | 652 (23.3) | |
| High SES | 1708 (37.9) | 1548 (90.6) | 160 (9.4) | |
| Locality type | < 0.001 | |||
| Urban formal | 2346 (51.5) | 2065 (88.0) | 281 (12.0) | |
| Urban informal | 618 (13.6) | 454 (73.5) | 164 (26.5) | |
| Rural informal | 1184 (26.0) | 899 (75.9) | 285 (24.1) | |
| Rural formal | 408 (9.0) | 312 (76.5) | 96 (23.5) | |
| Alcohol use AUDIT score | 0.001 | |||
| Abstainers | 2727 (66.6) | 2182 (80.0) | 545 (20.0) | |
| Low risk drinkers (1–7) | 812 (19.8) | 693 (85.3) | 119 (14.7) | |
| High risk drinkers (8–19) | 451 (11.0) | 383 (84.9) | 68 (15.1) | |
| Hazardous drinkers 20 +) | 107 (2.6) | 87 (81.3) | 20 (18.7) | |
| Self- rated health | < 0.001 | |||
| Fair/ Poor | 1631 (35.9) | 1273 (78.1) | 358 (21.9) | |
| Good/ Excellent | 2906 (64.1) | 2438 (83.9) | 468 (16.1) | |
| Ever had HIV test | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 3023 (66.6) | 2326 (76.9) | 697 (23.1) | |
| Yes | 1515 (33.4) | 1386 (91.5) | 129 (8.5) | |
| Awareness of HIV status | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2614 (58.1) | 2224 (85.1) | 390 (14.9) | |
| Yes | 1885 (41.9) | 1463 (77.6) | 422 (22.4) | |
| Self-percieved risk of HIV infection | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 1153 (25.7) | 695 (60.3) | 458 (39.7) | |
| Yes | 3341 (74.3) | 3001 (89.8) | 340 (10.2) | |
| Externalsed HIV related stigma | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2193 (48.5) | 1874 (85.5) | 319 (14.5) | |
| Yes | 2326 (51.5) | 1824 (78.4) | 502 (21.6) | |
SES Socio economic status, AUDIT Alcohol risk score based on a questionnaire for Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and scores used for categorisation within parentheses. Subtotals do not total (n) due to non-response and/or missing data