Table 3. Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

There is significant variability in the definition of PH-HFpEF, modality of evaluation and prevalence, however, PH is present in a substantial proportion of the population, ranging from 36–83%.

Study	Years	Population	Diagnostics	Definition	Prevalence of PH	Severity
Lam et al 2	2003–2005	Olmsted County Heart Failure Surveillance Study	Echo estimated PASP	•Framingham criteria •LVEF ≥50% •Echo PASP >35 mm Hg	83%	PASP= 48 (37–56) mm Hg
Gerges et al 18	Retrospective Cohort 1996–2003	Medical University of Vienna	•Echo, RHC	•Heart Failure signs and symptoms •LVEF≥45% •mPAP≥25 mm Hg	54.4%	Cpc-PH mPAP 45.6±12.8 mm Hg Ipc-PH mPAP 36.4± 8.1 mm Hg
	Prospective Cohort 2012–2013				63%	Cpc-PH mPAP 44.2±13.2 mm Hg Ipc-PH mPAP 34.3±7.0 mm Hg
Leung et al 19	1996–2007	Dartmouth Dynamic Registry	LHC/RHC	•LVEDP >15 •LVEF ≥50% •mPAP >25	52.5%	mPAP 34.2±7.8 mm Hg
Shah et al20	2006–2012	TOPCAT- echocardiography cohort	Echo measure TRV	•LVEF ≥45% •HF hospitalization or elevated BNP/NT-proBNP •TRV >2.9m/s	36%	Mean TRV 3.28 (±0.33) m/s
Melenovsky et al 21	2005–2012	Mayo Clinic	Echo, RHC	•Framingham criteria •LVEF ≥50% •PAWP≥15mmHg •mPAP > 25 mm Hg	81%	mPAP 36±11 mm Hg
Mohammed et al 22	2003–2009	Mayo Clinic, Olmstead County HFpEF Cohort	Echo	•Framingham criteria •LVEF ≥50% •PASP>40mmHg	64.5%
Ho et al12	2006–2017	Massachusetts General Hospital	Invasive CPET	•EF ≥50% •mPAP/CO >3mmHg/L/min	41% (exercise PH)

PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RHC: right heart catheterization; Cpc-PH: combined pre- and post-capillary PH; Ipc-PH: isolated post-capillary PH; LVEDP: left ventricular end diastolic pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; HF: heart failure; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; TRV: tricuspid regurgitant velocity; PAWP: pulmonary artery wedge pressure; CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; CO; cardiac output