Fig. 3. Empirical and expected genetic correlations among UK Biobank phenotypes.

(A) We computed the expected LD score regression (LDSC) genetic correlation estimate in the absence of pleiotropy and after a given number of generations of xAM $({\widehat{\rho }}_{\text{xAM}})$, which we compared to empirical LDSC estimates $({\widehat{\rho }}_{\text{emp}})$ to obtain the ratio $\widehat{\gamma }:={\widehat{\rho }}_{\text{xAM}}/{\widehat{\rho }}_{\text{emp}}$. (B) The top 20 $\widehat{\gamma }$ estimates across previously-studied UKB phenotype pairs with nominally significant (p < 0.05) ${\widehat{\rho }}_{\text{emp}}$ values. (C) Projected versus empirical LDSC estimates for all UKB phenotypes with nominally significant genetic correlation estimates. (D) Inverse variance weighted average $\widehat{\gamma }$ estimates within and between qualitatively similar phenotypic domains. Error bars throughout represent 95% credible intervals.