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. 2000 Dec;64(4):746–785. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.64.4.746-785.2000

FIG. 21.

FIG. 21

Model for signal transduction pathways in N. crassa. A cAMP signaling pathway consisting of G protein α subunits (GNA1 and GNA2), adenylyl cyclase (CR1), and a PKA regulatory subunit (MCB) is involved in conidiation, morphogenesis, mating, and stress tolerance. Ras-, MAP kinase (MAPK)-, and PKA-related kinase-mediated signaling pathways also regulate conidiation. How signaling is coordinated between these pathways remains to be elucidated.