Table 1.
Baseline (Wave 2) covariates by tertiles of psychological well-being in the largest analytic sample. Values are either mean (SD) or N (%). N=4,757
| Overall | Psychological Well-Being Tertile at Wave 2 | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowa | Moderateb | Highc | |||
| Age | 64.5 (8.75) | 64.7 (9.27) | 64.7 (8.75) | 64.2 (8.22) | 0.14 |
| Income | 299.3 (237.4) | 249.8 (168.9) | 304.9 (229.5) | 342.4 (287.8) | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 2077 (43.7) | 720 (45.4) | 669 (43.1) | 688 (42.4) | 0.22 |
| Female | 2680 (56.3) | 865 (54.6) | 882 (56.9) | 933 (57.6) | |
| Race | |||||
| White | 4705 (98.9) | 1560 (98.4) | 1535 (99.0) | 1610 (99.3) | 0.025 |
| Non-white | 52 (1.09) | 25 (1.58) | 16 (1.03) | 11 (0.68) | |
| Education | |||||
| University degree | 669 (14.1) | 158 (9.97) | 223 (14.4) | 288 (17.8) | <0.001 |
| Higher education, no degree | 631 (13.3) | 179 (11.3) | 207 (13.4) | 245 (15.1) | |
| A-level | 335 (7.04) | 109 (6.88) | 111 (7.16) | 115 (7.09) | |
| O-level | 941 (19.8) | 295 (18.6) | 324 (20.9) | 322 (19.9) | |
| Less than O-level | 2181 (45.9) | 844 (53.3) | 686 (44.2) | 651 (40.2) | |
| High cholesterol dx | |||||
| Yes | 800 (16.8) | 297 (18.7) | 247 (15.9) | 256 (15.8) | 0.050 |
| No | 3957 (83.2) | 1288 (81.3) | 1304 (84.1) | 1365 (84.2) | |
| Depression dx | |||||
| Yes | 340 (7.15) | 190 (12.0) | 92 (5.93) | 58 (3.58) | <0.001 |
| No | 4417 (92.9) | 1395 (88.0) | 1459 (94.1) | 1563 (96.4) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.7 (4.76) | 28.0 (5.09) | 27.7 (4.67) | 27.5 (4.49) | 0.040 |
| Alcohol intake d | 4.96 (2.12) | 4.62 (2.20) | 5.01 (2.07) | 5.25 (2.05) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 1874 (39.4) | 585 (36.9) | 604 (38.9) | 685 (42.3) | <0.001 |
| Former | 2236 (47.0) | 717 (45.2) | 753 (48.6) | 766 (47.3) | |
| Current | 647 (13.6) | 283 (17.9) | 194 (12.5) | 170 (10.5) | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Sedentary / low | 1052 (22.1) | 498 (31.4) | 327 (21.1) | 227 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Moderate / high | 3705 (77.9) | 1087 (68.6) | 1224 (78.9) | 1394 (86.0) | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 60.1 (14.9) | 58.9 (14.6) | 59.8 (14.8) | 61.4 (15.1) | 0.0003 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 159.4 (101.8) | 165.5 (100.7) | 160.4 (106.3) | 152.5 (98.0) | 0.0049 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 235.1 (44.5) | 234.0 (43.4) | 233.3 (46.3) | 237.8 (43.7) | 0.0222 |
Note. CASP-17 = modified version of the 19-item Control, Autonomy, Satisfaction, Pleasure scale; dx = diagnosis
a
CASP-17≤37.2; N=1585 (33.3%)
b
37.4≤CASP-17≤43.7; N=1551 (32.6%)
c
CASP-17≥44; N=1621 (34.1%)
d
Alcohol intake was assessed by asking how often the respondent had an alcoholic drink during the last 12 months (almost every day; five or six days a week; three or four days a week; once or twice a week; once or twice a month; once every couple of months; once or twice a year; not at all). Responses were treated as a linear variable; higher values denote more frequent intake.