. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 6.

Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2020 Oct;82(8):774–781. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000855

Table 3.

Race-stratified or sex-stratified association between baseline optimism (standardized) and total cardiovascular health scores during follow-up (N=3,188). ^a

	White (n=1,689)	Black (n=1,499)	Men (n=1,432)	Women (n=1,756)

	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
Optimism	0.06 (0.01, 0.11) ^†	0.09 (0.04, 0.14) ^†	0.05 (0.00, 0.10) ^*	0.10 (0.05, 0.14) ^‡
Time	−0.04 (−0.05, −0.04) ^‡	−0.06 (−0.07, 0.14) ^‡	−0.05 (−0.05, −0.04) ^‡	−0.06 (0.05, 0.14) ^‡

Models adjusted for time, age, sex (in race-stratified models only), race (in sex-stratified models only), education, income, and marital status. The interaction term of optimism with sex (p=0.03) was statistically significant, however the interaction terms of optimism with race was not statistically significant (p=0.85).

p < .05

^†

p < .01

^‡

p < .001