Table 2.

Subthemes and supporting quotes in theme 1 and 2

Subthemes	Concepts	Example of supporting quotes
Theme 1: Attitudes and experiences towards safety of herbal medicines
Mixed attitudes towards safety of herbal medicines	Positive attitudes@@Negative attitudes	“It's good because it comes from nature…and doesn't contain chemical ingredients.” Patient-1 @@ “I'm more concerned about the contamination. Some manufacturing herbal medicines factories may not be well-regulated.” Pharmacist-9
Theme 2: Awareness and participation in the current patient reporting system
Poor awareness on the current patient reporting system	Poor awareness	“Patients and pharmacists don’t know about the current system.” Pharmacist-4
Positive perceptions towards the patient reporting system	The important of patient reporting system	“…these herbal medicines did not require access through HCPs. This is an important reason why we need patients to be involved.” FGD, Pharmacovigilance officer@@ “It is very important. Information should be gathered from the patients who take medicine. It is important for them to make a report.” VHV-3
	Validity of data	“If consumers directly report, there will be a lot of junk information as seen on social media now…The reported information may not be 100% accurate. Someone must verify the data before analysing it.” Complainant-4
Mixed attitude towards the current AE reporting form	Difficult to fill in reporting form	“I think the form is too difficult for lay people to understand. It has too much information and consumes too much time to go through.” Complainant-5