Table 2.
Maternal substance use and infant outcomes.
| Pre-pandemic N = 330 | During pandemic N = 240 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Substance use, n (%) | |||
| Maternal self-reported use | 281 (85) | 216 (90) | 0.10 |
| Maternal UDSb | 268 (90) | 185 (90) | 0.88 |
| Infant UDSb | 144 (54) | 100 (50) | 0.40 |
| UCDSc | 247 (88) | 186 (92) | 0.18 |
| Opioid maintenance therapy, n (%) | 66 (20) | 34 (14) | 0.08 |
| Mean gestational age, weeks | 35.4 ± 4.0 | 35.0 ± 4.0 | 0.25 |
| Premature birth, n (%) | 159 (48) | 139 (58) | 0.02 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 163 (49) | 115 (52) | 0.73 |
| Median APGAR scores [IQRa] | |||
| 1 minute | 8 [6–8] | 8 [6–9] | 0.84 |
| 5 minutes | 9 [8,9] | 9 [8,9] | 0.92 |
| Mean length of stay, days | 19.6 ± 21.8 | 20.9 ± 28.3 | 0.51 |
| Mean birth weight, grams | 2455.4 ± 860.8 | 2314.8 ± 815.3 | 0.05 |
| Mean discharge weight, grams | 2748.2 ± 772.8 | 2665.4 ± 804.9 | 0.22 |
| NOWSd diagnosis, n (%) | 52 (16) | 48 (20) | 0.22 |
Results reported as mean ± SD, count/number n (%), or median [IQR]. aIQR interquartile range, bUDS urine drug screen, cUCDS umbilical cord drug screen, dNOWS neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.