Table 1.
Patient Baseline Characteristics Between Follow-Up Diabetic Retinopathy (N=1339)
| NDR (N=935) | DR (N=404) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 56.1 ± 10.7 | 56.5 ± 9.4 | 0.5 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 50.7% | 55.9% | 0.08 |
| Female | 49.3% | 44.1% | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Chinese | 55.1% | 48.3% | 0.06 |
| Malay | 17.2% | 22.5% | |
| Indian | 23.5% | 25.7% | |
| Others | 4.2% | 3.5% | |
| TyG Index | 9.04 ± 0.6 | 9.24 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Duration of Type 2 Diabetes (Year) | 8.8 ± 7.3 | 15.1 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.7 ± 16.5 | 143.7 ± 19.4 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.8 ± 9.3 | 79.5 ± 9.8 | 0.2 |
| BMI | 27.8 ± 5.4 | 27.7 ± 4.9 | 0.7 |
| Waist–Hip Ratio | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.06 | 0.03 |
| HDL Cholesterol | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.26 ± 0.4 | 0.1 |
| LDL Cholesterol | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 0.6 |
| HbA1C | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 8.4 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| eGFR | 91.9 ± 21.9 | 79.7 ± 30.7 | <0.001 |
| uACR | 99.6 ± 409 | 475.5 ± 1064.1 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: NDR, no diabetic retinopathy; DR, diabetic retinopathy; TyG Index, triglyceride glucose index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; uACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.