Table 3.
Patient Baseline Characteristics: Diabetic Retinopathy Incidence (N=210)
| DR Incidence (No) (N=180) | DR Incidence (Yes) (N=30) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 50.5 ± 12.5 | 52.4 ± 12.3 | 0.4 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 61.1% | 46.7% | 0.09 |
| Female | 38.9% | 53.3% | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Chinese | 58.3% | 56.7% | 0.7 |
| Malay | 14.4% | 16.7% | |
| Indian | 22.8% | 26.7% | |
| Others | 4.4% | 0.0% | |
| TyG Index | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 0.03 |
| Duration of Type 2 Diabetes (Year) | 8.6 ± 7.7 | 11.1 ± 8.4 | 0.1 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.1 ± 15.9 | 137.0 ± 16.1 | 0.5 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.6 ± 10.3 | 80.1 ± 11.4 | 0.8 |
| BMI | 28.4 ± 5.9 | 27.5 ± 4.5 | 0.4 |
| Waist–Hip Ratio | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.08 | 0.9 |
| HDL Cholesterol | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.5 |
| LDL Cholesterol | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 0.7 |
| HbA1C | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 8.6 ± 1.7 | 0.01 |
| eGFR | 98.3 ± 21.0 | 93.9 ± 28.7 | 0.3 |
| uACR | 120.3 ± 541.6 | 199.3 ± 523.2 | 0.5 |
Note: Of the 30 subjects who developed DR, 29 (96.6%) developed non-proliferative DR and one (3.4%) developed proliferative DR.