Table 1. Demographic data of the 60 women with a primary CMV infection during pregnancy studied here.
| All women included (n = 60) | Non-transmitter (n = 36) | Transmitter (n = 24) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | |||||
| Age at diagnosis | 34.0 [31.4,36.5] | 33.4 [30.2;36.5] | 34.8 [32.0,36.6] | 0.355 | |
| Reason for diagnosis | 0.292 | ||||
| Maternal seroconversion | 19 (32.2) | 8 (22.9) | 11 (45.8) | ||
| Positive IgM and IgG with low avidity index | 20 (33.9) | 14 (40.0) | 6 (25.0) | ||
| Antenatal fetal US/MIR abnormalities | 2 (3.4) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (4.2) | ||
| Maternal symptomatic infection | 10 (16.9) | 6 (17.1) | 4 (16.7) | ||
| Contact with CMV infected person | 1 (1.7) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | ||
| Screening during pregnancy (serology) | 6 (10.2) | 5 (14.3) | 1 (4.2) | ||
| Children under 3 years | 39 (66.1) | 23 (65.7) | 16 (66.7) | 1.000 | |
| Mother works with children | 4 (7.1) | 2 (5.9) | 2 (9.1) | 1.000 | |
| Children in day-care | 20 (34.5) | 7 (20.0) | 13 (56.5) | 0.010 | |
| Symptomatic infection | 29 (48.3) | 18 (50.0) | 11 (45.8) | 0.958 | |
| Lymphadenitis | 1 (1.7) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | |
| Infectious hepatitis | 6 (10.0) | 3 (8.3) | 3 (12.5) | 0.675 | |
| Mononucleosis | 7 (11.7) | 5 (13.9) | 2 (8.3) | 0.691 | |
| Fever | 14 (23.3) | 10 (27.8) | 4 (16.7) | 0.493 | |
| Other | 11 (18.3) | 5 (13.9) | 6 (25.0) | 0.321 | |
| Time of primary infection (first part of the interval) | 11.5 | 10 | 12.0 | 0.032 | |
| Time of primary infection (second part of the interval) | 20.0 | 15.0 | 21.0 | 0.056 | |
| Gestational age at infection | 10.0 [5.0;15.5] | 8.00 [3.5;13.0] | 12.5 [8.8;19.0] | 0.013 | |
| Type of delivery | 0.202 | ||||
| Vaginal | 40 (75.5) | 25 (75.8) | 15 (75.0) | ||
| Cesarean-section | 9 (17.0) | 4 (12.1) | 5 (25.0) | ||
| Instrumental | 4 (7.6) | 4 (12.1) | 0 (0) | ||
| Gestational age at delivery | 39.0 [38.0,40.0] | 39.0 [38.0;40.0] | 39.0 [38.0;40.0] | 0.362 | |
| Avidity | 23.6 [18.2,31.7] | 24.0 [18.0;32.3] | 22.0 [20.0;28.0] | 0.546 | |
| Low avidity index (< 50%) | 44 (80.0) | 26 (78.8) | 18 (81.8) | 1.000 | |
| Positive IgM | 57 (96.6) | 34 (97.1) | 23 (95.8) | 1.000 | |
| Blood viral load (IU/ml) Median (IQR) | 0.0 [0.0,0.0] | 0.0 [0.0;0.0] | 0.0 [0.0;159] | 0.003 | |
| Blood viral load (IU/ml) Mean (SD) | 414 (1821) | 0.00 (0.00) | 955 (2730) | 0.231 | |
| Detectable viral load in blood (n = 29) | 6/29 (20.7) | 0/16 (0) | 6/13 (46.2) | 0.004 | |
| Gestational age at blood viral load (n = 30) | 22.6 [16.2,29.1] | 16.6 [14.1;26.4] | 28.4 [24.6;29.4] | 0.005 | |
| Urine viral load (IU/ml) | 432 [139,3357] | 218 [0.0;424] | 2020 [484;6150] | 0.064 | |
| Detectable viral load in urine (n = 16) | 12/16 (75.0) | 5/8 (62.5) | 7/8 (87.5) | 0.569 | |
| Amniocentesis | 55 (91.7) | 35 (97.2) | 20 (83.3) | 0.147 | |
| Positive PCR in amniotic fluid | 19 (34.5) | 1 (2.9) | 18 (90.0) | <0.001 | |
| Gestational age at amniocentesis | 21.0 [20.0,26.0] | 21.0 [20.0;26.0] | 22.5 [20.0;28.0] | 0.650 | |
| Fetal US 3rd trimester | 0.057 | ||||
| Normal | 46 (80.7) | 31 (91.2) | 15 (65.2) | ||
| CNS abnormalities | 2 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.7) | ||
| Non-CNS abnormalities | 6 (10.5) | 2 (5.9) | 4 (17.4) | ||
| CNS and non-CNS abnormalities | 3 (5.3) | 1 (2.9) | 2 (8.7) | ||
| Fetal MRI | 0.389 | ||||
| Normal | 11 (61.1) | 0 (0) | 11 (64.7) | ||
| CNS abnormalities | 5 (27.8) | 1 (100) | 4 (23.5) | ||
| Non-CNS abnormalities | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (11.8) | ||
| Hyperimmune globulin | 20 (33.3) | 6 (16.7) | 14 (58.3) | 0.002 | |
| Preventive | 6 (30.0) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (7.1) | 0.002 | |
| Treatment in infected fetuses | 14 (70.0) | 1 (16.7) | 13 (92.9) | 0.002 | |
| Gestational age at HIG | 23.5 [21.0,28.2] | 18.5 [13.2;22.2] | 24.8 [22.2;29.8] | 0.008 | |
| Valacyclovir | 10 (16.7) | 1 (2.8) | 9 (37.5) | 0.001 | |
| Preventive | 2 (3.3) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (4.2) | 0.200 | |
| Treatment in infected fetuses | 8 (80) | 0 (0.00) | 8 (88.9) | 0.200 | |
| Gestational age at valacyclovir | 24.5 [22.5,26.5] | 10.0 [10.0;10.0] | 25.0 [24.0;27.0] | 0.115 | |
| Newborn | |||||
| CMV congenitally infected | 20 (37.0) | 0 (0) | 20 (100) | <0.001 | |
| Abnormal physical exam | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.128 | |
| Symptomatic at birth | 11 (57.9) | 0 (0) | 11 (57.9) | NA | |
Qualitative variables are expressed as the median and IQR (interquartile range): US, Ultrasound; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; CNS, Central nervous system; PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction; HIG, Hyperimmune globulin; NA, Not applicable; SD: Standard deviation.