Table 4. Exact calculations and tests for heterogeneity corresponding with Figs. 2 and 3 .

Author and year	Sample size (no. of cases)	Proportion (%)	95% CI	Weight (%) random effects
Fig. 2 : pooled results of overall symptomatic improvement in proportions of improved patients in the injections subgroup
Alblas et al, 2012 8	9	55,556	21,201–86,300	11.02
Chen et al, 2020 20	33	51,515	33,544–69,204	19.93
Gronbeck et al, 2021 10	56	67,857	54,036–79,715	23.07
Pechan and Kredba, 1980 11	22	63,636	40,658–82,802	17.17
Rampen et al, 2011 12	7	57,143	18,405–90,101	9.51
vanVeen et al, 2015 21	30	30,000	14,735–49,396	19.30
Total (random effects)	157	54,009	41,135–66,617	100.00
Fig. 3 : pooled results of overall symptomatic improvement in proportions of improved patients in the splint devices subgroup
Dellon et al, 1993 14	121	70,248	61,262–78,215	21.77
Michell and Sesath, 2020 15	15	73,333	44,900–92,213	18.30
Seror, 1993 16	22	100,000	84,563–100,000	19.38
Shah et al, 2013 17	24	87,500	67,639–97,344	19.59
Svernlöv et al, 2009 24	51	100,000	93,022–100,000	20.96
Total (random effects)	235	89,000	69,729–99,128	100