Figure 4.

Nec-1 treatment reduces kidney inflammation induced by HG. (a, b) The protein expression levels of p-IκBα and p-IKKα/β increased correspondingly, and Nec-1 effectively lowered the elevated levels. The expression levels of IL-1β were upregulated after HG intervention; however, Nec-1 treatment (1.65 mg/kg/d for 16 weeks in mice and 50 μM for 48 h in cells, respectively) downregulated the expression levels both in vivo (c, e) and in vitro (d, f). qRT-PCR showing the significant increase in the expression of MCP-1 in DKD mice (g) and cells in the high glucose group (h), and a clear decrease following the use of RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1. MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1.