Table 6.
Clinical data of RAS blockers.
| Compounds | Study Design | Clinical Population | Main Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
SSRI
SSRI+RAS |
PSM cohort study | SSRI users 30,311 SSRI+RAS 30,311 A total of 49,327 1997 to 2012 |
Risk for psychiatric hospital contacts↓ | (194) |
|
ACEI
ARB |
Nationwide population-based study in Danish | 1,576,253 individuals 2005 to 2015 |
Rate of incident depression↓ | (195) |
|
ACEI
ARB |
Meta-analysis of Randomized clinical trials | Mental health domain of quality of life↑ | (196) | |
|
ACEI
ARB |
378 patients with HBP | Rates of antidepressant usage↓ | (197) | |
|
ACEI
CCB β-blockers |
Nationwide Population-Based Study in Danish | 5.4 million individuals 2005 and 2015 |
Rates of depression↓ | (198) |
|
ACEI
ARB |
Prospective study | 144,066 patients | Risk of mood disorders admissions↓ Risk for mood disorder↓ β-blockers and CCB higher risk |
(199) |
| Candesartan | 4 mg/d orally for 3 months | 17 patients with T2DM | Interpersonal sensitivity↓ Depression ratings↓ Sensitivity of the adrenals to ACTH↓ Expression of AT1R↓ |
(148) |
|
Enalapril
Captopril |
15.5 ± 1.54 mg/day for 1.66 ± 0.51 years |
15 HBP patients | Anti-depressant Cognition↑ |
(200) |
| Captopril | 12.5,50 mg | 50-year-old woman with MDD | Anti-depressant | (201) |
| Captopril | 12.5, 25 mg | 41-year-old man with MDD | Anti-depressant | (202) |
| Captopril | 50 mg t.i.d./4 weeks | Patiens with HBP | Anti-depressant | (203) (204) |
| Losartan | 50 mg orally | 30 anxious individuals | Anxiolytic | (205) |
PSM, propensity scores matched; 95%-CI, 95%-confidence intervals; HRR, hazard rate ratio; HBP, hypertension; CCB, calcium antagonists; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; T2DM, type 2 diabetes.