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. 2023 Feb 7;9:16. doi: 10.1038/s41421-022-00498-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Recording of adenosine signal in the BF during the sleep–wake cycle in CD73-KO mice. Top to bottom: EEG power spectrogram, EMG (scale, 1 mV), and GRAB_Ado fluorescence (scale, 1 z-score). b GRAB_Ado signal in CD73-KO mice in different brain states. Each line represents data from one recording. n = 13 sessions from 6 mice. CD73KO vs WT (reported previously in Fig. 4l in Peng et al.): Wake, P = 0.41; REM, P = 0.76; Wilcoxon rank-sum test. c–g Same as Fig. 4k–o, respectively, except that experiments were performed using CD73-KO mice. Scale bar in d: EMG, 1 mV; GRAB_Ado, 1 z-score; GRAB_ATP, 1 z-score. In e: n = 187 events from 14 recordings in 4 mice. Pearson’s r = 0.83, ***P < 0.001. In f: Pearson’s r = 0.07. h–o Same as Fig. 3g–n, respectively, except that experiments were performed using CD73-KO mice. hM₃Dq group, n = 8 mice; tdTomato group, n = 8 mice. The statistical method was two-way repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test. In i, hM₃Dq-CNO vs tdTomato-CNO: Wake, P = 0.14; NREM, P = 0.78; REM, ***P < 0.001. hM₃Dq-Saline vs hM₃Dq-CNO: Wake, P = 0.85; NREM, P = 0.15; REM, ***P < 0.001. tdTomato-Saline vs tdTomato-CNO: Wake, *P = 0.035; NREM, *P = 0.042; REM, P = 0.51. In j, hM₃Dq-CNO vs tdTomato-CNO: Wake, ***P < 0.001; NREM, ***P < 0.001; REM, *P = 0.017. hM₃Dq-Saline vs hM₃Dq-CNO: Wake, ***P < 0.001; NREM, ***P < 0.001; REM, **P = 0.0020. tdTomato-Saline vs tdTomato-CNO: Wake, P = 0.42; NREM, P = 0.38; REM, P = 0.30. In k, hM₃Dq-CNO vs tdTomato-CNO: Wake, **P = 0.0028; NREM, ***P < 0.001; REM, P = 0.73. hM₃Dq-Saline vs hM₃Dq-CNO: Wake, **P = 0.0011; NREM, ***P < 0.001; REM, P = 0.21. tdTomato-Saline vs tdTomato-CNO: Wake, P = 0.75; NREM, *P = 0.022; REM, P = 0.52. In m, hM₃Dq-CNO vs tdTomato-CNO: delta, P = 0.063; theta, P = 0.18; sigma, *P = 0.045; beta, P = 0.18. hM₃Dq-Saline vs hM₃Dq-CNO: delta, ***P < 0.001; theta, ***P < 0.001; sigma, P = 0.50; beta, P = 0.58. tdTomato-Saline vs tdTomato-CNO: delta, P = 0.54; theta, P = 0.62; sigma, P = 0.064; beta, P = 0.52. In o, hM₃Dq-CNO vs tdTomato-CNO: delta, P = 0.53; theta, ***P < 0.001; sigma, P = 0.89; beta, P = 0.36. hM₃Dq-Saline vs hM₃Dq-CNO: delta, P = 0.47; theta, ***P < 0.001; sigma, *P = 0.023; beta, **P = 0.0076. tdTomato-Saline vs tdTomato-CNO: delta, P = 0.20; theta, P = 0.35; sigma, P = 0.28; beta, P = 0.69.