Table 2.
The detection rates and predictors for smartphone addiction and depression in the baseline among respondents who responded to both surveys.
| Smartphone addiction | Depression | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N |
Prevalence rates
(95%CIa) |
χ2 b (P value) | Adjusted ORc (95%CI) | P value | N |
Prevalence
rates (95%CIa) |
χ2 b (P value) | Adjusted ORd (95%CI) | P value | |
| Total (n = 1,186) | 380 | 32.0 (29.4, 34.7) | 127 | 10.7 (8.9, 12.5) | ||||||
| Gender | 22.00 (< 0.001) | 4.76 (0.03) | ||||||||
| Male (n = 566) | 219 | 38.7 (34.7, 42.7) | 1.93 (1.49, 2.50) | 49 | 8.7 (6.3, 11.0) | 1 | ||||
| Female (n = 620) | 161 | 26.0 (22.5, 29.4) | 1 | < 0.001 | 78 | 12.6 (10.0, 15.2) | 1.73 (1.16, 2.56) | 0.01 | ||
| Parental education level | 1.80 (0.18) | 1.88 (0.17) | ||||||||
| Below bachelor's degree (n = 924) | 305 | 33.0 (30.0, 36.0) | 1 | 105 | 11.4 (9.3, 13.4) | 1 | ||||
| Bachelor's degree or above (n = 262) | 75 | 28.6 (23.1, 34.1) | 0.90 (0.60, 1.35) | 0.60 | 22 | 8.4 (5.0, 11.8) | 1.10 (0.58, 2.09) | 0.77 | ||
| Maternal education level | 2.26 (0.13) | 2.76 (0.10) | ||||||||
| Below bachelor's degree (n = 1,016) | 334 | 32.9 (30.0, 35.8) | 1 | 115 | 11.3 (9.4, 13.3) | 1 | ||||
| Bachelor's degree or above (n = 170) | 46 | 27.1 (20.3, 33.8) | 0.94 (0.59, 1.50) | 0.79 | 12 | 7.1 (3.2, 10.9) | 0.63 (0.29, 1.37) | 0.25 | ||
| Body-Mass Index | 0.86 (0.84) | 4.46 (0.22) | ||||||||
| Wasting (n = 207) | 62 | 30.0 (23.7, 36.2) | 1 | 23 | 11.1 (6.8, 15.4) | 1 | ||||
| Normal (n = 720) | 235 | 32.6 (29.2, 36.1) | 1.09 (0.77, 1.54) | 0.64 | 84 | 11.7 (9.3, 14.0) | 1.07 (0.65, 1.76) | 0.79 | ||
| Overweight (n = 187) | 58 | 31.0 (24.3, 37.7) | 0.93 (0.60, 1.45) | 0.75 | 17 | 9.1 (4.9, 13.2) | 0.91 (0.46, 1.79) | 0.78 | ||
| Obese (n = 72) | 25 | 34.7 (23.5, 46.0) | 1.12 (0.62, 2.02) | 0.70 | 3 | 4.2 (0.6, 8.9) | 0.39 (0.11, 1.37) | 0.14 | ||
| Smartphone addiction | 28.03 (< 0.001) | |||||||||
| No (n = 806) | 60 | 7.4 (5.6, 9.3) | 1 | |||||||
| Yes (n = 380) | 67 | 17.6 (13.8, 21.5) | 2.89 (1.97, 4.24) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Depression | 28.03 (< 0.001) | |||||||||
| No (n = 1,059) | 313 | 29.6 (26.8, 32.3) | 1 | |||||||
| Yes (n = 127) | 67 | 52.8 (44.0, 61.6) | 2.88 (1.97, 4.23) | < 0.001 | ||||||
95%CI: 95% confidence interval.
χ2- Chi-square.
Adjusted OR: adjusted odds ratio based on Binary Logistic Regression (Enter) using smartphone addiction in the baseline survey as a dependent variable and gender, parental education level, maternal education level, Body-Mass Index, and depression in the baseline survey as independent variables.
Adjusted OR: adjusted odds ratio based on Binary Logistic Regression (Enter) using depression in the baseline survey as the dependent variable and gender, parental education level, maternal education level, Body-Mass Index, and smartphone addiction in the baseline survey as independent variables.