TABLE 4.

Secondary outcomes: Android fat, gynoid fat, and lean body mass at baseline and after the 10-week intervention.

	NORM (n = 15)	LCHF (n = 14)	NORM-EX (n = 14)	LCHF-EX (n = 14)	NORM vs. LCHF	NORM vs. NORM-EX	LCHF vs. LCHF-EX	NORM-EX vs. LCHF-EX
Variable					p-value#
Fat distribution
Android fat (g) pre	3,664 ± 740	3,287 ± 822	3,446 ± 906	3,765 ± 636	0.163	0.467	0.066	0.274
Android fat (g) post	3,223 ± 727	2,533 ± 535	2,738 ± 856	3,025 ± 703	0.041*	0.294	0.168	0.681
Within-group change (p-value)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Gynoid fat (g) pre	7,220 ± 1,421	7,184 ± 1,548	6,847 ± 1,213	6,930 ± 1,252	0.945	0.443	0.600	0.859
Gynoid fat (g) post	6,736 ± 1,413	6,308 ± 1,172	6,018 ± 1,458	5,977 ± 1,415	0.287	0.145	0.587	0.902
Within-group change (p-value)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
A/G ratio pre	1.06 ± 0.08	0.99 ± 0.11	1.05 ± 0.11	1.11 ± 0.07	0.042	0.785	0.001	0.089
A/G ratio post	1.04 ± 0.09	0.94 ± 0.12	1.04 ± 0.14	1.09 ± 0.09	0.011*	0.702	<0.001	0.527
Within-group change (p-value)	0.030*	<0.001	0.968	0.039*
Lean body mass (kg) pre	47.9 ± 4.4	48.1 ± 3.9	49.0 ± 4.5	45.9 ± 5.3	0.869	0.471	0.192	0.082
Lean body mass (kg) post	46.1 ± 4.3	47.2 ± 4.3	48.2 ± 5.0	44.2 ± 4.8	0.546	0.234	0.201	0.103
Within-group change (p-value)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD): Significant p-values marked in bold.

p-values marked with * are no longer significant with Bonferroni adjustment.

^#Differences between group at post measurements are adjusted for baseline measurements.

LBM (Lean body mass) (kg) has previously been published. Results are presented to help with interpretation of other results.

NORM, normal diet; LCHF, Low-carbohydrate high-fat diet; NORM-EX, normal diet combined with exercise; LCHF-EX, Low-carbohydrate high-fat diet combined with exercise.

A/G ratio, android/gynoid ratio.