TABLE 1.

Primers used for real-time PCR gene expression analysis.

Target a	Accession number	Primer F (5′-3′)	Primer R (5′-3′)	Amplicon	References
AGAT	NM204745.1	ACA​TCT​TGC​ACC​TGA​CTA​CCG	ACA​GTG​GGT​GAT​CAT​CAG​GAA	206	Reicher et al. (2020)
GAMT	XM015299974.2	ACA​CAA​GGT​GGT​GCC​ACT​GA	CGA​GGT​GAG​GTT​GCA​GTA​GG	199	Reicher et al. (2020)
GYS1	AB090806	GAT​GAA​ACG​CGC​CAT​CTT​CG	CGC​ACG​AAC​TCC​TCG​TAG​TC	213	Primer Blast
GYS2	XM_015291547.2	CAT​CTG​TAC​ACT​GTG​CCC​ATG​TG	TTT​GGA​GTG​ACA​ACA​TCA​GGA​TTT	92	Yadgary and Uni. (2012)
PYGL	NM_204392.2	CCG​TCC​TCC​ATG​TTT​GAT​GTG	TCT​TGA​TGC​GGT​TGT​ACA​TGG​T	100	Yadgary and Uni. (2012)
FBP1	NM_001278048.1	TTC​CAT​TGG​GAC​CAT​ATT​TGG	ACC​CGC​TGC​CAC​AAG​ATT​AC	100	Yadgary and Uni. (2012)
G6PC2	NC_052538.1	CCT​TCA​CAG​ACT​GAC​ATG​GTC​ATT​A	ATG​AGG​GAA​ATG​TGT​TGC​TAT​GAA​T	100	Yadgary and Uni. (2012)
HPRT	NM_204848	AAG​TGG​CCA​GTT​TGT​TGG​TC	GTA​GTC​GAG​GGC​GTA​TCC​AA	110	Boo et al. (2020)
β-actin	NM_205518.1	AAT​GGC​TCC​GGT​ATG​TGC​AA	GGC​CCA​TAC​CAA​CCA​TCA​CA	112	Primer Blast

^a Arginine-glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT), catalyzes the reaction between glycine and arginine to create GAA; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), catalyzes the methylation of GAA, to create creatine; glycogen synthase (GYS), catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of glycogen (GYS1 is the muscle variant and GYS2 is expressed in other tissues); glycogen phosphorylase L (PYGL), catalyzes the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate; glucose-6-phosphatase 2 (G6PC2), catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate, allowing the release of glucose into the bloodstream; β-actin is a housekeeping cytoskeletal protein (β-actin), and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT) is an enzyme in the purine synthesis in salvage pathway, also a housekeeping gene.