Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and protective factors for resilience.
| Characteristics | Gender | Total | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Total | 507 | 49.6 | 516 | 5.4 | 1,023 | 100.0 | |
| Education | |||||||
| Secondary school | 287 | 56.6 | 258 | 5.0 | 545 | 53.3 | 0.03 |
| High school | 220 | 43.4 | 258 | 50.0 | 478 | 46.7 | |
| Location | |||||||
| Rural | 389 | 76.7 | 365 | 70.7 | 754 | 73.7 | 0.03 |
| Urban | 118 | 23.3 | 151 | 29.3 | 269 | 26.3 | |
| Current living | |||||||
| Nuclear family | 398 | 78.5 | 432 | 83.7 | 830 | 81.1 | 0.06 |
| Extended family | 89 | 17.6 | 73 | 14.2 | 162 | 15.8 | |
| Others | 20 | 3.9 | 11 | 2.1 | 31 | 3.0 | |
| Academic performance | |||||||
| Excellent (≥9/10) | 105 | 20.7 | 99 | 19.2 | 204 | 19.9 | 0.02 |
| Good (8– < 9/10) | 204 | 40.2 | 252 | 48.8 | 456 | 44.6 | |
| Fair (7– < 8/10) | 132 | 26.0 | 122 | 23.6 | 254 | 24.8 | |
| Moderate and below (< 7/10) | 66 | 13.0 | 43 | 8.3 | 109 | 10.7 | |
| Conflict with father | |||||||
| Yes | 394 | 77.7 | 369 | 71.5 | 763 | 74.6 | 0.02 |
| No | 113 | 22.3 | 147 | 28.5 | 260 | 25.4 | |
| Conflict with mother | |||||||
| Yes | 382 | 75.4 | 374 | 72.5 | 756 | 73.9 | 0.30 |
| No | 125 | 24.6 | 142 | 27.5 | 267 | 26.1 | |
| Conflict with both parents | |||||||
| Yes | 327 | 64.5 | 312 | 60.5 | 639 | 62.5 | 0.18 |
| No | 180 | 35.5 | 204 | 39,5 | 384 | 37.5 | |
| The number of family members can confide in | |||||||
| None | 22 | 4.3 | 6 | 1.2 | 28 | 2.7 | 0.01 |
| One | 343 | 67.7 | 373 | 72.3 | 716 | 70.0 | |
| Two or more | 142 | 28.0 | 137 | 26.6 | 279 | 27.3 | |
| Satisfaction with life | |||||||
| Extremely dissatisfied | 17 | 3.4 | 2 | 0.4 | 19 | 1.9 | < 0.01 |
| Dissatisfied | 31 | 6.1 | 44 | 8.5 | 75 | 7.3 | |
| Slightly dissatisfied | 92 | 18.2 | 83 | 16.1 | 175 | 17.1 | |
| Neutral | 30 | 5.9 | 32 | 6.2 | 62 | 6.1 | |
| Slightly satisfied | 132 | 26.0 | 103 | 20.0 | 235 | 23.0 | |
| Satisfied | 112 | 22.1 | 152 | 29.5 | 264 | 25.8 | |
| Extremely satisfied | 93 | 18.3 | 100 | 19.4 | 193 | 18.9 | |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p -value | |
| Father's age | 45.7 | 6.1 | 44.6 | 6.1 | 45.2 | 6.1 | < 0.01 |
| Mother's age | 42.3 | 5.7 | 41.6 | 5.3 | 42.0 | 5.5 | 0.05 |
| Protective factors for resilience scale (range: 5–35) | |||||||
| Personal resources | 25.5 | 5.2 | 25.0 | 5.3 | 25.2 | 5.3 | 0.08 |
| Social resources–peers | 24.9 | 5.5 | 24.6 | 5.7 | 24.7 | 5.6 | 0.82 |
| Social resources–family | 28.7 | 5.1 | 28.6 | 6.2 | 28.7 | 5.7 | 0.22 |
| Self-esteem scale (range: 0–40) | 22.2 | 5.2 | 22.6 | 4.9 | 22.4 | 5.0 | 0.08 |