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. 2023 Feb 7;14(2):333–343. doi: 10.1007/s41999-022-00736-z

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics

Typical presentation of COVID-19 (n = 706) Atypical presentation of COVID-19 (n = 74) p value
Demographics
 Age (years), median (IQR) 79 (10) 80 (10) 0.044
 Male sex, n (%) 416 (58.9%) 38 (51.4%) 0.209
 Living in an institution, n (%) 73 (10.3%)a 11 (14.9%)b 0.247
 BMI, mean (SD) 27.4 (4.7)c 24.9 (6.2)d < 0.001
 PCR confirmed COVID-19, n (%) 620 (88.8%)e 62 (84.9%)f 0.322
Comorbidity
 History of myocardial infarction, n (%) 135 (19.1%)g 10 (13.5%) 0.236
 History of heart failure, n (%) 151 (21.4%)h 12 (16.2%) 0.295
 History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) 213 (30.2%)i 26 (35.1%) 0.400
 History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), n (%) 144 (20.4%)j 9 (12.2%) 0.088
 History of hypertension, n (%) 426 (60.3%) 46 (62.2%) 0.760
 History of malignancy, n (%) 78 (11.0%)k 7 (9.5%)l 0.683
 History of depression, n (%) 24 (3.4%) 7 (9.5%) 0.011
 History of smoking, n (%) 314 (44.5%)m 32 (43.2%)n 0.910
 History of dementia, n (%) 57 (8.1%)o 12 (16.2%) 0.019
 CCI total, median (IQR) 2 (2)p 2 (3)q 0.803
Disease severity indicators
 Duration of symptoms until admission (days), median (IQR) 6 (7)r 7 (8)s 0.940
 Duration of hospital stay (days), median (IQR) 6 (7)t 6 (7) 0.660
 Respiratory rate (breaths/min), mean (SD) 22 (6.7)u 19 (6.1)v < 0.001
 C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR) 77 (99)w 63 (87)x 0.010

IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation

aTotal 669 (37 missing)

bTotal 71 (3 missing)

cTotal 590 (116 missing)

dTotal 55 (19 missing)

eTotal 698 (8 missing)

fTotal 73 (1 missing)

gTotal 705 (1 missing)

hTotal 705 (1 missing)

iTotal 701 (5 missing)

jTotal 704 (2 missing)

kTotal 690 (26 missing)

lTotal 71 (3 missing)

mTotal 527 (179 missing)

nTotal 53 (21 missing)

oTotal 704 (2 missing)

pTotal 691 (15 missing)

qTotal 72 (2 missing)

rTotal 648 (58 missing)

sTotal 64 (10 missing)

tTotal 704 (2 missing)

uTotal 649 (57 missing)

vTotal 71 (3 missing)

wTotal 632 (74 missing)

xTotal 67 (7 missing)