Table 2.

Parameters of the comparison algorithms

Algorithm	Parameters setting
SSA	c2 and c3 are random values [1, 0]
MPA	FADS = 0.2, P = 0.5
PSO	wMax = 0.9, wMin = 0.2, c1 = 2, c2 = 2
WOA	a [2, 0], b = 1, t [− 1, 1]
AO	alpha = 0.1, delta = 0.1;
RSA	β = 0.1, α = 0.005