Table 2.
Other immunological and supportive treatments tested for efficacy against cryptosporidiosis in human patients.
| Drug | Age and health status of patients | Number of individuals | Study type | Reference | Treatment type | Efficacy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Cure | Parasitological Cure | ||||||
| Bovine leukocyte extract | Adults and a child with AIDS | 8 | CR | (Louie et al., 1987) | Therapeutic | ± | ± |
| Adults with AIDS | 14 | R, DB, PC | (McMeeking et al., 1990) | Therapeutic | + | + | |
| Human serum immune globulin | Child on chemotherapy for cancer | 1 | CR | (Borowitz and Saulsbury, 1991) | Therapeutic | + | + |
| Hyperimmune bovine colostrum | Immunocompromised children and adult | 3 | CR | (Tzipori et al., 1987) | Therapeutic | + | ± |
| Adults with AIDS | 5 | R, DB, PC | (Nord et al., 1990) | Therapeutic | ± | ± | |
| 1 | CR | (Ungar et al., 1990) | Therapeutic | + | + | ||
| Immunodeficient children and adults | 7 | OL | (Rump et al., 1992) | Therapeutic | + | + | |
| Adults with AIDS | 7 | OL | (Plettenberg et al., 1993) | Therapeutic | ± | ± | |
| Child infected with HIV | 1 | CR | (Shield et al., 1993) | Therapeutic | + | + | |
| Adults with AIDS | 20 | OL | (Greenberg and Cello, 1996) | Therapeutic | ± | – | |
| Immunocompetent adults | 16 | R, DB, PC | (Okhuysen et al., 1998) | Prophylactic | ± | ± | |
| Adults with AIDS | 20 | OL | (Floren et al., 2006) | Therapeutic | + | NR | |
| Somatostatin analogs (octreotide and vapreotide) | Adults with AIDS | 1 | CR | (Cook et al., 1988) | Therapeutic | + | – |
| 1 | CR | (Katz et al., 1988) | Therapeutic | + | – | ||
| 4 | CR | (Clotet et al., 1989) | Therapeutic | ± | – | ||
| 15 | OL | (Cello et al., 1991) | Therapeutic | ± | – | ||
| 18 | OL | (Romeu et al., 1991) | Therapeutic | ± | – | ||
| 21 | OL | (Girard et al., 1992) | Therapeutic | ± | – | ||
| 4 | OL | (Liberti et al., 1992) | Therapeutic | ± | – | ||
| 13 | OL | (Moroni et al., 1993) | Therapeutic | ± | – | ||
| HIV protease inhibitor (indinavir or saquinavir) | Adults with advanced AIDS (CD4+ count < 50/mm3) |
1 | CR | (Grube et al., 1997) | Therapeutic | + | + |
| 5 | OL | (Bobin et al., 1998) | Therapeutic | + | + | ||
| 2 | R, OL | (Foudraine et al., 1998) | Therapeutic | + | + | ||
| HAART including HIV protease inhibitor | Adults with AIDS (CD4+ count < 400/mm3) |
4 | OL | (Carr et al., 1998) | Therapeutic | + | + |
| HAART including HIV protease inhibitor | Adults with advanced AIDS (CD4+ count < 50/mm3) |
3 | CR | (Miao et al., 1999; Miao et al., 2000) | Therapeutic | + | + |
1. DB, double-blind; CR, case report; NR, not reported; OL, open-label; PC, placebo-controlled; R, randomized.
2. “+” = complete resolution; “-” = no demonstrable benefit; “±” = partial resolution or relapse after treatment discontinuation.