Table 10.
Examples of EV use in preclinical studies related to the treatment of OA.
| Source of EVs | Model | Major outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Murine BM-MSCs | In vitro model of OA | Restored homeostasis in OA-like chondrocytes Decreased apoptosis of chondrocytes Decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors |
(257) |
| In vivo murine model of OA | Reduced degradation of cartilage and bone | ||
| Human BM-MSCs | In vitro model of OA | Decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines Decreased expression of NF-κB-p65 Promoted production proteoglycan by chondrocytes Enhanced proliferation of chondrocytes |
(258) |
| Human AT-MSCs | In vitro model of OA | Reduced production of inflammatory mediators Decreased expression of iNOS |
(259) |
| Human UC-MSCs | In vitro | Increase of macrophage M2 polarization | (260) |
| In vivo rat model of OA | Inhibited cartilage degradation |
AT-MSCs, adipose derived MSCs; BM-MSCs, bone marrow MSCs; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase OA, osteoarthritis; UC-MSCs, umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly MSCs.