Table 3.

Mean daily intake (and standard deviations) of major food groups according to NOVA classification by multiple sclerosis status.

NOVA food groups	Total	Multiple sclerosis severity		P-value
		Moderate to high (n = 56)	Mild (n = 50)
	Mean (SD), g/d
Unprocessed or minimally processed foods
Red meat and poultry	48.3 (28.8)	49.2 (29.0)	47.1 (28.7)	0.719
Fish and sea foods	47.2 (35.0)	45.0 (33.1)	50.0 (37.5)	0.465
Milk and unprocessed dairy	104.6 (132.1)	118.2 (146.8)	86.9 (109.1)	0.227
Eggs	14.6 (20.2)	14.3 (18.6)	14.9 (22.3)	0.880
Grains and pasta	67.2 (39.2)	69.0 (42.4)	64.8 (34.9)	0.589
Fruits	391.0 (245.6)	373.4 (234.5)	413.8 (260.3)	0.404
Vegetables	217.1 (147.0)	198 (145.7)	242.0 (146.5)	0.127
Legumes	39.2 (44.7)	32.9 (43.7)	39.3 (46.4)	0.991
Salty snacks	3.4 (6.4)	3.8 (7.7)	2.9 (4.2)	0.493
Carbonated soft-drinks	23.7 (50.1)	20.3 (44.5)	28.3 (56.8)	0.416
Margarine	0.2 (1.1)	0.3 (1.4)	0.1 (0.2)	0.280
Confectioned juices	18.5 (50.3)	24.9 (59.5)	10.0 (33.7)	0.132
Processed culinary ingredients
Vegetable oils	8.5 (2.8)	8.3 (3.0)	8.9 (2.6)	0.276
Animal fats	1.1 (2.3)	1.3 (2.5)	0.9 (2.0)	0.376
Table sugar	3.0 (3.7)	2.9 (3.5)	3.3 (3.9)	0.594
Fruit juice (natural)	39.5 (67.9)	42.6 (66.4)	35.3 (70.3)	0.588
Processed foods
Breads	124.2 (99.7)	115.6 (106.4)	135.4 (90.1)	0.314
Cheese	33.5 (40.4)	37.1 (49.5)	28.7 (23.4)	0.286
Beer, wine, and liquors	64.0 (93.4)	56.3 (93.6)	74.1 (93.1)	0.333
Processed meats (cured)	11.6 (12.2)	12.1 (12.9)	11.0 (11.3)	0.634
Ultra-processed foods
Fast foods	3.9 (8.9)	3.7 (8.7)	4.1 (9.3)	0.803
Ultra-processed dairy	42.1 (51.7)	40.3 (55.5)	44.4 (46.7)	0.683
Breakfast cereals	2.9 (7.2)	3.3 (8.1)	2.5 (6.0)	0.556
Biscuits, pastries, cakes	51.4 (41.4)	50.3 (42.8)	52.9 (39.8)	0.749
Confectionery and creams	0.4 (1.1)	0.5 (1.4)	0.3 (0.7)	0.492
Ice creams	31.9 (52.5)	39.5 (63.7)	22.0 (30.3)	0.089