Table 1.
Clinical Trial and Application of MSCs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
| MSCs | Disease | Patients | Administration | Outcome | Adverse events | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMMSCs (Autologous) | SLE53 | 2 | 1 × 106/kg; intravenous infusion |
CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells increased but the disease did not exhibit remission. | Not found. | 2010 |
| ADMSCs (Autologous) | SLE40 | 1 | Intranasal injection (1 × 108), lymph node injection (1 × 108), intravenous transfusions (379 × 106, 234 × 106). | The result was good, and the subsequent physical condition remained stable. | There were only mild adverse reactions and spontaneous recovery. | 2021 |
| UC-MSCs | SLE51 | 21 | 1 × 107/kg; intravenous infusion |
CD1c+ dendritic cells and the cytokine FMS-related Tyrosine kinase 3-ligand increased. Most patients experience varying degrees of remission. | Not found. | 2019 |
| UC-MSCs | Lupus nephritis54 | 12 | 2 × 108; intravenous infusion |
The trial was stopped when it did not show the expected efficacy. | Subcutaneous abscess, leucopenia, and pneumonia. | 2017 |
| BMMSCs | SLE-IV active proliferative nephritis55 | 3 | 9 × 108; intravenous infusion |
Proteinuria levels improved. SLE disease activity index was improved. Symptoms are relieved to varying degrees. | Not found. | 2018 |
| UC-MSCs BMMSCs |
Persistently active SLE56 | 87 | 1 × 106/kg; intravenous infusion |
Disease activity declined. Symptoms were relieved and organ dysfunction improved. | Not found. | 2013 |
| ADMSCs | Refractory lupus nephritis41 | 9 | 2 × 106/kg; intravenous infusion |
Urinary protein levels and disease activity decreased. A single dose may not provide long-term relief. | Not found. | 2021 |
| UC-MSCs | Lupus nephritis57 | 20 | 3 × 107/kg intravenous infusion |
The disease improved significantly and the recurrence rate was low. | Not found. | 2014 |
ADSCs: adipose tissue–derived stem cells; BMMSCs: bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells; IL: interleukin; MSC: mesenchymal stromal cell; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; UC-MSC: umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stromal cell.