Table 4.
Example of individual participant data meta-analysis, comparing distribution of important variables against development data, in studies developing or validating a prediction model in clustered data. Adapted from: Apolo AB, Ostrovnaya I, Halabi S, et al. Prognostic model for predicting survival of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013;105:499-503 by permission of Oxford University Press185
| Characteristic | Development | Validation (cohort 4) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | Cohort 3 | ||
| Total No of participants | 203 | 45 | 60 | 74 |
| Total No of deaths | 184 | 37 | 53 | 68 |
| Median (95% CI) survival (months) | 14.8 (12.1 to 16.7) | 18 (12.0 to 29.7) | 16.4 (14.6 to 22.9) | 12.7 |
| Sex (%) | ||||
| Male | 80 | 73 | 77 | 78 |
| Female | 20 | 27 | 23 | 22 |
| Median age (years) | 63 | 63 | 62 | 64 |
| Median KPS (%) | 80 | 80 | 90 | 90 |
| Visceral disease (%) | 49 | 40 | 33 | 69 |
| Bone | 26 | 11 | 10 | 18 |
| Liver | 13 | 13 | 10 | 31 |
| Lung | 26 | 22 | 18 | 43 |
| No of risk factors (%) | ||||
| 0 | 33 | 55 | 62 | 30 |
| 1 | 45 | 41 | 35 | 65 |
| 2 | 22 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Baseline characteristics of an individual participant data meta-analysis to develop and validate a nomogram for overall survival in metastatic urothelial cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. KPS=Karnofsky performance status; CI=confidence interval.