Table 2.

Output of the linear mixed-effects models with age of patients at each visit as the time variable, neuroimaging outcomes as dependent variables and low-grade carotid stenosis as independent variable.

	BPF		CSFF		VF		WMHb
	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value
Intercept
Model 1	79.6 (78.5 to 80.8)	<0.001	18.4 (17.5 to 19.5)	<0.001	1.99 (1.54 to 2.43)	<0.001	–3.34 (–3.94 to –2.74)	<0.001
Model 2	79.5 (78.3 to 80.6)	<0.001	18.6 (17.5 to 19.6)	<0.001	2.08 (1.64 to 2.52)	<0.001	–3.21 (–3.81 to –2.61)	<0.001
Time
Model 1	–0.25 (–0.28 to –0.22)	<0.001	0.19 (0.16 to 0.22)	<0.001	0.06 (0.05 to 0.07)	<0.001	0.08 (0.07 to 0.10)	<0.001
Model 2	–0.24 (–0.27 to –0.21)	<0.001	0.19 (0.16 to 0.21)	<0.001	0.06 (0.05 to 0.07)	<0.001	0.08 (0.07 to 0.10)	<0.001
LGCSa
Model 1	0.07 (–0.30 to 0.40)	0.717	0.07 (–0.23 to 0.37)	0.661	–0.10 (–0.24 to 0.03)	0.134	0.00 (–0.18 to 0.17)	0.987
Model 2	0.04 (–031 to 0.37)	0.858	0.09 (–0.22 to 0.38)	0.591	–0.09 (–0.22 to 0.05)	0.200	0.03 (–0.15 to 0.20)	0.763
LGCS x Time
Model 1	–0.03 (–0.06 to –0.01)	0.002	0.03 (0.01 to 0.05)	0.011	0.01 (0.002 to 0.02)	0.019	0.01 (–0.03 to 0.02)	0.162
Model 2	–0.03 (–0.05 to –0.01)	0.004	0.02 (0.01 to 0.04)	0.014	0.01 (0.001 to 0.02)	0.026	0.01 (–0.03 to 0.02)	0.156

Model 1: adjusted for sex, large infarcts on MRI, lacunes on MRI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking pack years and alcohol use at baseline.

Model 2: model 1 with time-varying covariates for large infarcts and lacunes on MRI.

^aNo LGCS as the reference category.

^bNatural log-transformed and standardized for total intracranial volume.

CI: confidence interval; LGCS: low-grade carotid stenosis; BPF: brain parenchymal fraction; CSFF: sulcal cerebrospinal fluid fraction; VF: ventricular fraction; WMH: white matter hyperintensity volume.