Table 3.

Output of the linear mixed-effects models with age of patients at each visit as the time variable, cognition domain-specific z-scores as dependent variables and low-grade carotid stenosis as independent variable.

	Executive functioning		Memory
	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI	p-value
Intercept
Model 1	–0.84 (–1.37 to –0.32)	0.002	–0.29 (–0.84 to 0.27)	0.311
Model 2	–0.78 (–1.31 to –0.25)	0.004	–0.30 (–0.86 to 0.26)	0.293
Time
Model 1	–0.06 (–0.08 to –0.05)	<0.001	–0.06 (–0.04 to –0.08)	<0.001
Model 2	–0.06 (–0.07 to –0.04)	<0.001	–0.06 (–0.04 to –0.07)	<0.001
LGCSa
Model 1	–0.06 (–0.20 to 0.09)	0.403	0.05 (–0.10 to 0.20)	0.496
Model 2	–0.04 (–0.18 to 0.10)	0.577	0.04 (–0.11 to 0.19)	0.586
LGCS x Time
Model 1	–0.020 (–0.031 to –0.01)	<0.001	–0.012 (–0.02 to –0.001)	0.032
Model 2	–0.017 (–0.028 to –0.006)	0.003	–0.010 (–0.02 to 0.001)	0.082

Model 1: adjusted for sex, education level, practice effect, large infarcts on MRI, lacunes on MRI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking pack years and alcohol use at baseline.

Model 2: model 1 with time-varying covariates for large infarcts and lacunes on MRI.

^aNo LGCS as the reference category.

CI: confidence interval; LGCS: low-grade carotid stenosis.