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. 2023 Feb 7;20:11. doi: 10.1186/s12966-023-01417-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Simple mediation analysis of VPA at 4 years of age with fat mass index (A) and aerobic fitness (B) via VPA at 9 years of age (n = 201). The model is adjusted for sex and age at baseline and follow up, group allocation, maternal education, and the other isometric log ratios to account for the 24-hour time-use composition. Equation 1 * Eq. 2 shows the natural indirect effect pathway, and Eq. 3’ shows the natural direct effect pathway. VPA: vigorous physical activity, MPA: moderate physical activity, LPA: light physical activity, SB: sedentary behaviour