Table 2.
The study participants' general characteristics and dietary intake based on tertiles of the glycemic index scorea
| Tertiles of GI | P-trend† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables a | T1(n = 148) | T2(n = 148) | T3(n = 148) | |
| Age(year) | 32.1 ± 10.1 | 31.1 ± 9.9 | 32.0 ± 9.9 | 0.929 |
| Men, n (%) | 25 (16.9) | 29 (19.7) | 41 (27.7) | 0.067 |
| Overweight and obese, n (%) | 68 (45.9) | 72 (49.0) | 64 (43.2) | 0.613 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 9 (6.1) | - | 3 (2.0) | 0.001 |
| Physical activity (MET/min/week) | 817 (396—188) | 654 (200—1356) | 970 (430—2569) | 0.078 |
| SES | 0.016 | |||
| Low | 36 (24.3) | 39 (26.5) | 56 (37.8) | |
| Middle | 56 (37.8) | 56 (38.1) | 54 (36.5) | |
| High | 56 (37.8) | 52 (35.4) | 38 (25.7) | |
| GHQ | 17.4 ± 7.1 | 16.2 ± 7.1 | 16.0 ± 7.3 | 0.097 |
| ISI score | 10.1 ± 5.7 | 9.8 ± 5.6 | 10.0 ± 5.8 | 0.889 |
| Nutrient Intake | ||||
| Energy (Kcal/d) | 2443 ± 749 | 2422 ± 642 | 2427 ± 844 | 0.856 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 58.0 ± 7.1 | 56.8 ± 7.7 | 59.0 ± 7.8 | 0.967 |
| Protein (% of energy) | 13.9 ± 2.9 | 13.8 ± 2.6 | 13.1 ± 2.6 | 0.003 |
| Fat (% of energy) | 28.0 ± 6.4 | 29.3 ± 7.3 | 27.7 ± 7.6 | 0.962 |
SES Socioeconomic status, ISI insomnia severity index, GHQ General health questionnaire
†P for trend was computed using linear regression and Chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
aData are presented as mean ± SD or median (25–75 interquartile range) for continuous variables and numbers and percentages for categorical variables