Table 1.
Characteristics in multi-trajectory groups of joint baPWV and ABI
| Group 1d (n = 1802) | Group 2 (n = 1160) | Group 3 (n = 224) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64.00 [56.00, 73.00] | 66.00 [58.00, 76.00] | 66.00 [56.00, 77.00] |
| Female sex, n (%) | 473 (26.2) | 238 (20.5) | 30 (13.4) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.16 [23.29, 27.26] | 25.48 [23.82, 27.25] | 25.55 [23.87, 27.48] |
| BMI group, n (%) | |||
| 24.0 kg/m2 | 576 (33.4) | 300 (27.1) | 58 (27.4) |
| 24.0–27.9 kg/m2 | 837 (48.5) | 617 (55.7) | 111 (52.4) |
| ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 | 314 (18.2) | 191 (17.2) | 43 (20.3) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 432 (24.0) | 280 (24.1) | 45 (20.1) |
| SBP, mmHg | 122.81 (15.91) | 132.80 (16.47) | 139.47 (17.04) |
| SBP change, mmHg | 4.61 (23.55) | 5.31 (22.97) | 9.81 (25.62) |
| Hypertension, n (%) b | 413 (22.9) | 345 (29.7) | 71 (31.7) |
| Diabetes, n (%) c | 153 (8.5) | 138 (11.9) | 46 (20.5) |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 386 (21.4) | 328 (28.3) | 64 (28.6) |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, n (%) | 352 (19.5) | 241 (20.8) | 41 (18.3) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 113.09 [85.28, 152.94] | 121.83 [91.90, 168.42] | 134.56 [99.51, 179.19] |
| RC, mg/dL | 22.60 [17.06, 30.51] | 24.37 [18.38, 33.59] | 26.91 [19.91, 35.19] |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 115.06 [97.42, 133.23] | 114.26 [97.29, 135.44] | 113.52 [94.60, 131.08] |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 49.64 [42.61, 58.69] | 47.55 [40.98, 55.29] | 44.58 [39.80, 51.24] |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | 127.64 [109.15, 146.36] | 128.51 [108.82, 151.06] | 131.11 [108.74, 149.44] |
| hsCRP, mg/L d | 0.76 [0.46, 1.42] | 0.90 [0.52, 1.72] | 1.01 [0.58, 1.92] |
Continuous variables are reported as median (25th–75th percentile). Medians and proportions were compared using Kruskal–Wallis or chi-squared test
SI conversion factor: To convert RC, LDL-C, HDL-C, non-HDL-C to mmol/L, multiply by 0.02586; TG, multiply by 0.01129
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, RC Remnant cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hsCRP High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
aHypertension defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg, self-reported diagnosis history of hypertension or use of antihypertensive medication
bDiabetes defined as fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or using any glucose-lowering medication or self-reported diagnosis history of diabetes
chsCRP data only available in a part of overall population (2358 of 3186 subjects)
dGroup 1 represents the stable baPWV/stable ABI, group 2 represents increasing baPWV/stable ABI, and group 3 represents increasing baPWV/decreasing ABI