Table 4.
Associations of remnant cholesterol with the increasing baPWV along with decreasing ABI beyond LDL-C in sensitivity analyses
| Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity analysis I | Sensitivity analysis II | Sensitivity analysis III | |
| RC concentration, + 10 mg/dL | 1.220 (1.141–1.304) | 1.176 (1.090–1.269) | 1.256 (1.179–1.337) |
| Quartiles of RC | |||
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 1.251 (0.980–1.597) | 1.311 (1.024–1.679) | 1.398 (1.125–1.737) |
| Quartile 3 | 1.305 (1.017–1.675) | 1.582 (1.239–2.020) | 1.521 (1.228–1.884) |
| Quartile 4 | 1.862 (1.448–2.394) | 1.951 (1.527–2.493) | 1.789 (1.443–2.217) |
| RC percentile minus LDL-C percentile | |||
| Concordant | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Discordantly low RC | 0.726 (0.585–0.901) | 0.747 (0.598–0.934) | 0.708 (0.583–0.862) |
| Discordantly high RC | 1.047 (0.839–1.306) | 0.979 (0.785–1.221) | 0.970 (0.798–1.179) |
| Cut-off: LDL-C 130 mg/dL; RC 24 mg/dL | |||
| LDL-C < 130 mg/dL and RC < 24 mg/dL | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL and RC < 24 mg/dL | 1.672 (1.085–2.578) | 1.307 (0.896–1.907) | 1.190 (0.928–1.525) |
| LDL-C < 130 mg/dL and RC ≥ 24 mg/dL | 1.446 (1.170–1.787) | 1.395 (1.111–1.753) | 1.381 (1.154–1.652) |
| LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL and RC ≥ 24 mg/dL | 1.559 (1.255–1.937) | 1.385 (1.115–1.720) | 1.606 (1.291–1.997) |
| Cut-off: LDL-C 100 mg/dL; RC 17 mg/dL | |||
| LDL-C < 100 mg/dL and RC < 17 mg/dL | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL and RC < 17 mg/dL | 1.561 (1.07–2.277) | 1.259 (0.876–1.810) | 1.233 (0.879–1.728) |
| LDL-C < 100 mg/dL and RC ≥ 17 mg/dL | 1.595 (1.154–2.205) | 1.587 (1.129–2.231) | 1.551 (1.146–2.100) |
| LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL and RC ≥ 17 mg/dL | 2.026 (1.522–2.696) | 1.784 (1.331–2.391) | 1.940 (1.489–2.527) |
Odds ratio (OR) was estimated by ordinal logistics regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, SBP, hypertension, diabetes, antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering treatment
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, RC Remnant cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP Systolic blood pressure
(i) Concordant was defined as RC percentile and LDL-C percentile within ± 10 percentile units; (ii) discordantly low RC was defined as LDL-C percentile > RC percentile by 10 percentile units; and (iii) discordantly high RC was defined as RC percentile > LDL-C percentile by 10 percentile units
Sensitivity analysis I: Individuals (n = 634) on lipid-lowering medication (referring to statins and fibrates) excluded from the analysis
Sensitivity analysis II: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was additionally adjusted
Sensitivity analysis III: Change of systolic blood pressure during the follow-up period was additionally adjusted