Figure 1.

Sampling locations, population structure, and past demography of kākāpō

(A) Sampling locations for historical and modern specimens on a map showing the vegetation cover circa 1840.¹⁹

(B) Principal-component analysis (PCA) for 14 mainland and 35 Stewart Island kākāpō. Asterisks indicate museum samples likely to have been mislabeled (STAR Methods).

(C) Demographic history and divergence time between the mainland and Stewart Island population inferred using the PSMC method. Each colored curve represents an individual bird. The black dashed curve represents the sex chromosome comparison (i.e., Z chromosome), with population size reaching infinity at the time of divergence between the two populations.

(D) Parameter estimates for a scenario of post-glacial population divergence and expansion using ABC.

See also Figures S5–S10 and Tables S2 and S3.