Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study population at the start of the randomised controlled trial.
| Factor | Overall (n = 25) | dTDR (n = 12) | iTDR (n = 13) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 45.8 (11.1) | 44.3 (11.9) | 47.2 (10.7) |
| Male sex | 13 (52%) | 5 (42%) | 8 (62%) |
| Current smoker | 3 (12%) | 1 (8%) | 2 (15%) |
| Height (cm) | 165.6 (9.5) | 165.9 (9.2) | 165.3 (10.1) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32.1 (3.8) | 31.6 (3.3) | 32.6 (4.4) |
| Baseline weight (kg) | 88.2 (13.7) | 87.0 (10.1) | 89.3 (16.7) |
| Hypertension | 4 (16%) | 2 (17%) | 2 (15%) |
| Arthritis | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (8%) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 6 (24%) | 2 (17%) | 4 (31%) |
| Prescribed antidiabetic medication at baseline | 14 (56%) | 9 (75%) | 5 (38%) |
| Prescribed antihypertensive medication at baseline | 3 (12%) | 2 (17%) | 1 (8%) |
| Taking part in other weight management activities | 6 (24%) | 2 (17%) | 4 (31%) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 104.4 (6.0) (n = 23) |
105.7 (4.1) | 102.9 (7.4) (n = 11) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 60.4 (11.3) | 64.3 (14.2) | 56.8 (6.5) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.0 (15.8) | 135.5 (18.0) | 128.9 (13.4) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.03 (2.52) | 8.75 (2.99) | 7.36 (1.88) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.48 (1.20) | 4.48 (0.90) | 4.48 (1.47) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.07 (0.22) | 1.12 (0.24) | 1.03 (0.19) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.74 (1.19, 2.72) | 1.50 (1.15, 3.00) | 1.77 (1.26, 2.29) |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 3.96 (0.96) | 4.13 (1.17) | 3.80 (0.73) |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.98 (1.18) | 5.02 (1.35) | 4.94 (1.05) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 118.8 (14.7) | 118.2 (17.4) | 119.3 (12.2) |
| GGT (U/L) | 34 (23, 51) | 47 (32, 88) | 24 (20, 34) |
| ALT (U/L) | 27 (17, 33) | 30 (26, 42) | 20 (16, 30) |
| AST (U/L) | 18 (17, 24) | 23 (18, 28) | 17 (14, 18) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 4.30 (1.61, 7.18) | 3.01 (1.37, 5.88) | 7.09 (1.61, 8.85) |
| Ferritin (ug/L) | 84 (52, 151) | 79 (54, 153) | 96 (52, 127) |
| Insulin (uU/ml) | 23.9 (17.9, 26.9) | 24.6 (17.3, 29.8) | 22.3 (17.9, 26.4) |
| HOMA-IR | 7.7 (5.6, 10.5) | 8.7 (6.3, 12.6) | 6.5 (5.6, 8.2) |
| EQ5D (VAS units) | 54.8 (22.7) | 50.3 (22.2) | 58.9 (23.3) |
| MRI derived anthropometrics | |||
| Total adipose tissue volume (L) | 29.3 (8.1) | 27.9 (5.8) | 30.6 (9.8) |
| Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (L) | 10.9 (4.0) | 10.6 (3.3) | 11.2 (4.7) |
| Lean volume (L) | 21.4 (4.0) | 21.7 (3.9) | 21.2 (4.3) |
| Liver fat (%)a | 15.6 (9.4) | 15.1 (10.2) | 16.1 (9.0) |
| Visceral adipose tissue volume (L) | 5.1 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.3) | 5.1 (1.1) |
Data are count (%), mean (SD), or median (IQI).
a
One observation based on follow-up appointment carried backwards in the dTDR group.