Table 3.

Characterization of foaming process, foam properties, and summary of TGA results of foams

	x	Stirring time (sec)	Cream time (sec)	Gel time (sec)	Rise time (sec)	Apparent densitya (g/cm3)	T5%, (°C)	T50%, (°C)	Tmax1, (°C)	Tmax2, (°C)	Tmax3, (°C)	Residue (%)
PU_x-20	B	6	11	22	35	0.094	236	441	–	357	571	0
	PET	6	11	24	38	0.042	219	483	–	354	585	0
	PU	6	11	24	38	0.040	275	514	–	356	600	0
	BPA	6	12	30	60	0.061	265	449	–	373	577	0
PU_x–40	B	6	10	23	36	0.095	229	507	–	436	598	0
	PET	6	11	23	38	0.050	227	501	–	353	584	0
	PU	6	11	24	38	0.065	237	469	–	345	585	0
	BPA	6	12	30	61	0.066	90	465	125	337	603	0
PU_x–60	B	6	12	24	35	0.096	98	482	110	356	581	0
	PET	6	12	24	40	0.064	172	494	190	346	586	0
	PU	6	11	24	38	0.068	94	322	122	317	583	0
	BPA	6	12	31	64	0.075	58	547	89	286	610	0
PU_com		5	10	23	37	0.047	238	501	–	354	584	0

^aThe densities of foams were calculated by using the formula described in DIN 53479[50]