Table 3.

Bias assessments of included RCTs using Cochrane bias assessment tool

Study	Randomization Process	Deviations from Intended Interventions	Missing Outcome Data	Measurement of the Outcome	Selection of Reported Result	Overall Risk of Bias
Poo (2006) (28)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Zeng (2006) (29)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Prasad (2007) (30)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Bajaj (2011) (31)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Mittal (2011) (32)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Sanyal (2011) (33)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	High risk	High risk
Sidhu (2011) (34)	Low risk	Low risk	Some concerns	Low risk	Low risk	Some concerns
Elnoemany (2015) (35)	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Some concerns
Sidhu (2016) (36)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Sanyal (2018) (39)	Low risk	Some concerns	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Some concerns
Suzuki (2018) (40)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Wang (2019) (41)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Glal (2021) (42)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Patel (2022) (43)	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk