Table 4:

Step-down meta-analyses for effect of lactulose (pre- vs post-treatment) for CHE treatment on SIP domains

Domain	Pooled mean difference (pre vs post treatment)	Pooled 95% CI
Eating	2.18	(−2.51, 6.86)
Recreation and pastimes	9.56	(4.83, 14.30)*
Work	9.44	(−2.59, 21.47)
Communication	2.32	(2.00, 2.63)*
Ambulation	3.36	(−0.86, 7.59)
Alertness	7.14	(−0.71, 14.99)
Social interactions	6.85	(0.34, 13.37)
Mobility	9.61	(−11.69, 30.91)
Home management	9.33	(2.62, 16.03)*
Body care and movements	3.77	(−2.01, 9.56)
Emotional behavior	8.64	(3.21, 14.06)*
Sleep and rest	9.12	(3.06, 15.18)*
Total SIP (all domains)	6.92	(6.66, 7.18)*

^*denotes statistically significant pooled effect estimates; results for each sub-domain of the SIP are corrected using the Bonferroni-Holm method