Table 1. Baseline and procedural characteristics of the studied population.
| All patients (n=1,128) | None/trace PVR (n=568) | Mild PVR (n=560) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 82.3±5.8 | 81.9±6.0 | 82.7±5.6 | 0.013 | |
| Gender, female | 588 (52.1%) | 300 (52.8%) | 288 (51.4%) | 0.677 | |
| Body mass index, kg/cm² | 26.5±5.2 | 27.1±5.2 | 25.9±5.1 | <0.001 | |
| STS-PROM | 5.94±4.15 | 5.41±3.48 | 6.49±4.68 | <0.001 | |
| NYHA Class III or IV | 757 (67.2%) | 386 (68.0%) | 371 (66.4%) | 0.612 | |
| Hypertension | 970 (86.0%) | 490 (86.3%) | 480 (85.7%) | 0.798 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 309 (27.4%) | 169 (29.8%) | 140 (25.0%) | 0.083 | |
| Chronic kidney disease, eGFR <60 | 785 (69.7%) | 387 (68.3%) | 398 (71.2%) | 0.300 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 711 (63.0%) | 365 (64.3%) | 346 (61.8%) | 0.423 | |
| Peripheral artery disease | 173 (15.3%) | 78 (13.7%) | 95 (17.0%) | 0.138 | |
| Aortic valve area, cm² | 0.66±0.24 | 0.68±0.25 | 0.65±0.22 | 0.023 | |
| Mean gradient of aortic valve, mmHg | 41.9±17.4 | 41.4±17.4 | 42.4±17.4 | 0.327 | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 54.5±14.7 | 55.9±14.2 | 53.1±15.0 | 0.002 | |
| Bicuspid aortic valve, n (%) | 45 (5.1%) | 21 (4.7%) | 24 (5.6%) | 0.647 | |
| Device landing zone calcium volume, mm3 | 340.3±348.5 | 297.7±315.6 | 384.4±374.8 | <0.001 | |
| Procedural characteristics | |||||
| General anaesthesia, n (%) | 342 (28.5%) | 162 (28.5%) | 158 (28.2%) | 0.947 | |
| Femoral main access site, n (%) | 1,027 (85.4%) | 481 (84.7%) | 484 (86.4%) | 0.446 | |
|
Type of valve, n (%) |
Balloon-expandable valves | 594 (49.4%) | 324 (57.0%) | 248 (44.3%) | <0.001 |
| Self-expanding valves | 539 (44.8%) | 195 (34.3%) | 295 (52.7%) | ||
| Mechanically expandable valves | 69 (5.7%) | 49 (8.6%) | 17 (3.0%) | ||
| Predilation, n (%) | 986 (82.2%) | 421 (74.3%) | 497 (89.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Post-dilation, n (%) | 268 (22.3%) | 69 (12.2%) | 156 (27.9%) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; NYHA: New York Heart Association; STS-PROM: Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality Balloon-expandable valves: SAPIEN, SAPIEN XT, or SAPIEN 3 (Edwards Lifesciences). Self-expanding valves: CoreValve, Evolut R/PRO (Medtronic), Portico (Abbott), or Symetis ACURATE/ACURATE neo (Boston Scientific). Mechanically expandable valves: LOTUS (Boston Scientific). | |||||