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. 2022 May 15;18(1):33–42. doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-21-00784

Table 2. Clinical outcomes (none/trace PVR vs mild PVR according to 3-class grading scheme).

PVR (3-class grading scheme) Crude analysis Adjusted analysis
None/trace (n=568) Mild (n=560) HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value
At 1 year
All-cause mortality, n (%) 62 (11.1%) 82 (14.7%) 1.35 (0.97-1.87) 0.077 1.19 (0.84-1.67) 0.329
Cardiovascular mortality, n (%) 38 (6.9%) 55 (10.1%) 1.47 (0.97-2.23) 0.067 1.28 (0.84-1.96) 0.258
Any stroke, n (%) 25 (4.5%) 28 (5.1%) 1.14 (0.67-1.96) 0.631 1.12 (0.65-1.95) 0.684
Major or life-threatening bleeding, n (%) 112 (19.9%) 166 (29.9%) 1.57 (1.23-1.99) <0.001 1.49 (1.17-1.90) 0.001
Structural valve deterioration, n (%) 8 (1.5%) 4 (0.8%) 0.51 (0.15-1.68) 0.266 0.52 (0.16-1.76) 0.295
Unplanned repeat aortic intervention, n (%) 2 (0.4%) 1 (0.2%) 0.50 (0.05-5.54) 0.574 0.64 (0.06-7.27) 0.717
NYHA Class III or IV*, n (%) 63/478 (13.2%) 58/449 (12.9%) 0.98 (0.70-1.37) 0.906 0.97 (0.70-1.36) 0.879
At 5 years
All-cause mortality, n (%) 240 (43.8%) 300 (54.6%) 1.36 (1.15-1.61) <0.001 1.27 (1.07-1.51) 0.007
Cardiovascular mortality, n (%) 167 (33.4%) 209 (42.7%) 1.36 (1.11-1.67) 0.003 1.28 (1.04-1.57) 0.021
Any stroke, n (%) 39 (7.9%) 45 (9.8%) 1.21 (0.79-1.86) 0.386 1.21 (0.78-1.88) 0.389
Major or life-threatening bleeding, n (%) 127 (23.6%) 187 (35.0%) 1.59 (1.27-1.99) <0.001 1.51 (1.20-1.90) <0.001
Structural valve deterioration, n (%) 18 (4.1%) 9 (2.3%) 0.53 (0.24-1.19) 0.123 0.53 (0.24-1.20) 0.129
Unplanned repeat aortic intervention, n (%) 2 (0.4%) 2 (0.4%) 1.02 (0.14-7.24) 0.985 1.29 (0.18-9.38) 0.802
NYHA Class III or IV*, n (%) 48/298 (16.1%) 32/237 (13.5%) 0.84 (0.55-1.27) 0.403 0.86 (0.57-1.30) 0.468
*Provided are number and percentage of patients with NYHA Class III or IV among patients assessed. Otherwise, provided are first events (cumulative incidence percent from life table estimate). Unplanned repeat aortic intervention includes valve-in-valve procedure, balloon valvuloplasty, surgical revision, or paravalvular leak closure in another setting. Adjustment was performed with age, gender, BMI, STS-PROM, NYHA Class III or IV.