Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
|
Total n=140 |
Residual TR ≥3+ n=43 |
Residual TR <3+ n=97 |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 61 (43.6) | 19 (44.2) | 42 (43.3) | 0.92 | |
| Age, years | 78±7 | 79±8 | 78±7 | 0.44 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1±5.3 | 24.7±3.4 | 26.6±5.8 | 0.049 | |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 46.9±16.4 | 48.1±16.2 | 46.2±16.4 | 0.53 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 83 (59.3) | 27 (62.8) | 56 (57.7) | 0.57 | |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 39 (27.9) | 14 (32.6) | 25 (25.8) | 0.41 | |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 43 (30.7) | 15 (34.9) | 28 (28.9) | 0.48 | |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 39 (27.9) | 16 (35.6) | 23 (24.2) | 0.16 | |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 133 (95) | 42 (97.7) | 91 (93.8) | 0.33 | |
| NYHA class III/IV, n (%) | 124 (88.6) | 38 (88.4) | 86 (88.7) | 0.64 | |
| Lead across tricuspid valve, n (%) | 49 (35.0) | 17 (39.5) | 32 (33.0) | 0.45 | |
| COPD, n (%) | 31 (22.1) | 12 (27.9) | 19 (19.6) | 0.27 | |
| Logistic EuroSCORE, % | 16.1 [8.1, 27.3] | 19.9 [9.5, 30.8] | 13.5 [7.6, 24.8] | 0.03 | |
| NT-pro BNP, pg/ml | 2,033 [1,009, 3,752] | 1,822 [888, 3,264] | 2,065 [1,202, 4563] | 0.18 | |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||||
| Secondary TR, n (%) | 132 (94.2) | 42 (97.7) | 89 (92.7) | 0.25 | |
| TR severity, n (%) | 3+ | 78 (55.7) | 10 (23.3) | 68 (70.1) | <0.001 |
| 4+ | 50 (35.7) | 25 (58.1) | 25 (25.8) | ||
| 5+ | 12 (8.6) | 8 (18.6) | 4 (4.1) | ||
| Vena contracta, mm | 11.7 [9.0, 15.1] | 15.1 [12.5, 19.0] | 10.0 [8.1, 12.6] | <0.001 | |
| EROA, mm2 | 48.0 [36.0, 70.0] | 58.5 [37.8, 87.0] | 47.0 [35.0, 61.0] | 0.11 | |
| TR jet location | Central | 136 (97.1) | 43 (100.0) | 93 (95.9) | 0.18 |
| Anteroseptal commissure | 103 (53.6) | 35 (81.4) | 68 (70.1) | 0.16 | |
| Posteroseptal commissure | 80 (57.1) | 29 (67.4) | 51 (52.6) | 0.10 | |
| Anteroposterior commissure | 42 (30.0) | 26 (60.5) | 16 (16.5) | <0.001 | |
| LVEF, % | 55.2±10.2 | 56.0±9.4 | 54.9±10.6 | 0.55 | |
| LVEDV, ml | 69.8 [55.0, 99.1] | 62.2 [46.0, 87.9] | 72.7 [58.0, 101.6] | 0.02 | |
| Right ventricular diameter, mm | 39.9±8.8 | 40.5±8.6 | 39.4±8.6 | 0.50 | |
| Right atrial area, cm2 | 33.2 [27.0, 39.5] | 36.5 [28.7, 43.8] | 31.7 [25.4, 38.0] | 0.02 | |
| SPAP, mmHg | 36.6±12.4 | 34.3±12.3 | 37.8±12.3 | 0.14 | |
| TAPSE, mm | 17.9±5.0 | 17.9±5.3 | 17.9±4.9 | 0.99 | |
| Medication at baseline | Beta blocker, n (%) | 118 (84.3) | 40 (93.0) | 78 (80.4) | 0.06 |
| RAS inhibitor, n (%) | 90 (64.3) | 26 (60.5) | 64 (66.0) | 0.53 | |
| MRA, n (%) | 63 (45.0) | 20 (46.5) | 43 (44.3) | 0.81 | |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 127 (90.7) | 40 (93.0) | 87 (89.7) | 0.75 | |
| Values are n (%), mean±SD, or median [interquartile range]. BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; EROA: effective regurgitant orifice area; EuroSCORE: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA: mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist; NT-pro BNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; RAS: renin angiotensin system SPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR: tricuspid regurgitation | |||||