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. 2023 Feb 7;131(2):027004. doi: 10.1289/EHP11171

Figure 3.

Figure 3 is a set of ten error bar graphs. On the top, the five error bar graphs are titled hexachlorobenzene, p,p′-dichlorobiphenyldichloroethylene, sum of four polychlorinated biphenyls congeners, lead, and manganese under Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale 7 (anxiety), plotting Main, inverse probability of censoring weighted, five-exposures, and diet adjustment (y-axis) across relative risks (95 percent confidence interval) per doubling chemical level, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 in increments of 0.5 (x-axis) for Main, inverse probability of censoring weighted, five-exposures, and diet adjustment. At the bottom, the five error bar graphs are titled hexachlorobenzene, p,p′-dichlorobiphenyldichloroethylene, sum of four polychlorinated biphenyls congeners, lead, and manganese under Patient Health Questionnaire- 8 (depressive), plotting Main, inverse probability of censoring weighted, five-exposures, and diet adjustment (y-axis) across relative risks (95 percent confidence interval) per doubling chemical level, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 in increments of 0.5 (x-axis) for Main, inverse probability of censoring weighted, five-exposures, and diet adjustment.

Overall RRs (95% CI) [RR (95% CI)] for early adulthood elevated anxiety (GAD-7) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-8) associated with a doubling of cord serum HCB, p,p’-DDE, ΣPCB4 (congeners: 118, 138, 153, 180) (nanograms per gram), and cord blood Pb and Mn (micrograms per deciliter), in the main models vs. sensitivity models using a) IPCW, b) adjusting for all five chemical coexposures, and c) adjusting for dietary factors associated with organochlorine exposure. Note: Modified Poisson regression models adjusted for parental and household characteristics (PNSDI score, maternal smoking during pregnancy) and participant characteristics (age at assessment, race/ethnicity, sex, HOME score). See Table S6 (main), Table S9 (IPCW), Table S11 (five exposures), and Table S12 (diet adjustment) for corresponding numeric data of overall and stratified models. CI, confidence interval; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; HCB, hexachlorobenzene; HOME, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment; IPCW, inverse probability of censoring weighted; Mn, manganese; Pb, lead; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire; PNSDI, prenatal social disadvantage index; p,p′-DDE, dichlorobiphenyldichloroethylene; RR risk ratio; ΣPCB4, sum of four polychlorinated biphenyls congeners.