TABLE 3.
Associations between precarious work and job stress, unhealthy days, and days with activity limitations (GSS-QWL, 2002–2014)
| Variables | Job stress | Unhealthy days | Days with activity limitations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | OR (95% confidence interval) | Coefficients (95% confidence interval) | Coefficients (95% confidence interval) |
| Crude Model (Precarious work) | |||
| Moderate | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.05 (−0.24 to 0.33) | 0.35 (−0.25 to 0.96) |
| High | 1.73** (1.49–2.01) | 0.82** (0.54–1.11) | 3.02** (2.41–3.62) |
| Adjusted Model | |||
| Precarious work | |||
| Moderate | 0.95 (0.81–1.13) | −0.07 (−0.36 to 0.23) | −0.24 (−0.83 to 0.35) |
| High | 1.57** (1.32–1.88) | 0.39** (0.07–0.72) | 1.16** (0.52–1.8) |
| Age group | |||
| 25 to 34 years | 1.01 (0.79–1.3) | 0.11 (−0.34 to 0.55) | −0.42 (−1.31 to −0.47) |
| 35 to 44 years | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 0.1 (−0.35 to 0.55) | −0.98** (−1.88 to −0.08) |
| 45 to 54 years | 0.98 (0.77–1.27) | 0.09 (−0.36 to 0.54) | −1.26** (−2.16 to −0.36) |
| 55 years and over | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | −0.03 (−0.5 to 0.44) | −0.99** (−1.93 to −0.05) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | 0.22** (0.01–0.43) | 1.74** (1.27–2.21) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Black | 0.55** (0.44–0.68) | −0.25 (−0.62 to 0.13) | −2.02** (−2.77 to −1.27) |
| Hispanic | 0.77** (0.61–0.96) | −0.61** (−1 to −0.21) | −1.18** (−1.97 to −0.39) |
| American Indian | 0.89 (0.34–2.3) | −0.14 (−1.81 to 1.52) | −1.53 (−4.86 to 1.81) |
| Asian | 0.84 (0.58–1.24) | −0.08 (−0.77 to 0.6) | −1.15 (−2.53 to 0.22) |
| Multi-racial | 0.81 (0.62–1.05) | 0.16 (−0.31 to 0.63) | 1.15** (0.2–2.09) |
| Education | |||
| Completed high school | 1.34** (1.05–1.71) | −0.03 (−0.44 to 0.38) | −0.43 (−1.25 to 0.39) |
| Completed college | 1.65** (1.25–2.18) | −0.19 (−0.66 to 0.29) | −1.39** (−2.35 to −0.43) |
| Completed post-graduate degree | 1.97** (1.48–2.62) | −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.4) | −1.07** (−2.07 to −0.07) |
| Health status | |||
| Fair or poor | 1.32** (1.09–1.6) | 2.25** (1.9–2.6) | 7.19** (6.49–7.89) |
| Work arrangement | |||
| On-call workers | 0.56** (0.34–0.92) | −0.06 (−0.85 to 0.73) | −0.65 (−2.23 to 0.93) |
| Workers paid by temporary help agencies | 1.05 (0.51–2.17) | 1.01 (−0.3 to 2.32) | 2.09 (−0.54 to 4.72) |
| Working for a contractor | 1.41 (0.94–2.11) | 0.37 (−0.37 to 1.1) | 0.98 (−0.49 to 2.46) |
| Regular, permanent employees | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | −0.41** (−0.78 to −0.03) | −0.27 (−1.02 to 0.47) |
| Job satisfaction | |||
| Somewhat satisfied | 1.32** (1.14–1.53) | 0.26** (0.02–0.50) | 1** (0.48–1.52) |
| Not too satisfied | 2.08** (1.64–2.64) | 0.05 (−0.4 to 0.5) | 2.53** (1.63–3.43) |
| Not at all satisfied | 5.3** (3.68–7.64) | 1.88** (1.21–2.56) | 3.96** (2.62–5.3) |
| Constant | 0.21** (0.14–0.31) | 0.94** (0.25–1.62) | 4.31** (2.94–5.69) |
Note:Reference Group: Workers in nonprecarious work, who were white males, in the age group of 18–24 years, who did not complete middle school, in excellent or very good health status, working as an independent contractor, consultant, or freelance worker, and completely satisfied with the job. Abbreviation: GSS-QWL, General Social Survey, Quality of Work Life.
**
Estimates were statistically significant at α = 0.05 or lower.