Table 1.
Study Population Characteristics and Incidence Rates of Mental Health Diagnoses and Medications by Year, Diagnoses, and Medications
| Characteristics | Year | Depression |
Anxiety |
Eating disorder |
Stress |
ADHD |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N population | N incidence | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | N population | N incidence | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | N population | N incidence | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | N population | N incidence | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | N population | N incidence | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | ||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 216,121 | 945 | 4.4 | 209,208 | 1,534 | 7.3 | 212,104 | 523 | 2.5 | 201,670 | 2,169 | 10.8 | 158,159 | 3,924 | 24.8 | |||||||||||
| 2018 | 220,668 | 1,005 | 4.6 | 1.04 (0.95-1.14) | .376 | 213,330 | 1,638 | 7.7 | 1.05 (0.97-1.12) | .193 | 216,109 | 559 | 2.6 | 1.05 (0.93-1.18) | .447 | 204,166 | 2,206 | 10.8 | 1.00 (0.94-1.07) | .879 | 159,974 | 3,654 | 22.8 | 0.92 (0.88-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 224,552 | 978 | 4.4 | 0.96 (0.87-1.04) | .322 | 216,751 | 1,657 | 7.6 | 1.00 (0.93-1.07) | .903 | 219,590 | 567 | 2.6 | 1.00 (0.88-1.12) | 1.000 | 205,791 | 2,132 | 10.4 | 0.96 (0.90-1.02) | .165 | 162,529 | 3,657 | 22.5 | 0.99 (0.94-1.03) | .523 | |
| 2020 | 230,517 | 1,081 | 4.7 | 1.08 (0.98-1.17) | .093 | 222,127 | 1,839 | 8.3 | 1.08 (1.01-1.16) | .018 | 225,047 | 721 | 3.2 | 1.24 (1.11-1.39) | <.001 | 209,333 | 2,284 | 10.9 | 1.05 (0.99-1.12) | .085 | 166,922 | 3,201 | 19.2 | 0.85 (0.81-0.89) | .000 | |
| 2021 | 236,291 | 1,398 | 5.9 | 1.26 (1.17-1.37) | <.001 | 227,311 | 2,275 | 10.0 | 1.21 (1.14-1.29) | <.001 | 230,499 | 894 | 3.9 | 1.21 (1.10-1.34) | <.001 | 212,331 | 2,632 | 12.4 | 1.14 (1.07-1.20) | <.001 | 172,073 | 3,262 | 19.0 | 0.99 (0.94-1.04) | .642 | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 2017 | 110,989 | 427 | 3.8 | 107,062 | 749 | 7.0 | 109,179 | 126 | 1.2 | 102,598 | 990 | 9.6 | 73,816 | 1,988 | 26.9 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 113,307 | 443 | 3.9 | 1.02 (0.89-1.16) | .839 | 109,137 | 791 | 7.2 | 1.04 (0.93-1.14) | .490 | 111,185 | 144 | 1.3 | 1.12 (0.88-1.43) | .361 | 103,829 | 1,014 | 9.8 | 1.01 (0.92-1.10) | .788 | 74,664 | 1,846 | 24.7 | 0.92 (0.86-0.97) | .008 | |
| 2019 | 115,245 | 417 | 3.6 | 0.93 (0.81-1.06) | .260 | 110,750 | 723 | 6.5 | 0.90 (0.81-0.99) | .042 | 112,863 | 124 | 1.1 | 0.85 (0.66-1.08) | .179 | 104,505 | 885 | 8.5 | 0.87 (0.79-0.94) | .002 | 75,835 | 1,850 | 24.4 | 0.99 (0.92-1.05) | .689 | |
| 2020 | 118,088 | 429 | 3.6 | 1.00 (0.87-1.15) | .973 | 113,309 | 794 | 7.0 | 1.07 (0.97-1.19) | .172 | 115,454 | 150 | 1.3 | 1.18 (0.93-1.50) | .183 | 106,046 | 971 | 9.2 | 1.08 (0.98-1.18) | .093 | 77,803 | 1,552 | 19.9 | 0.82 (0.76-0.87) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 120,988 | 447 | 3.7 | 1.02 (0.89-1.16) | .813 | 115,801 | 941 | 8.1 | 1.16 (1.06-1.27) | .002 | 118,174 | 153 | 1.3 | 1.00 (0.79-1.25) | 1.000 | 107,329 | 991 | 9.2 | 1.01 (0.92-1.10) | .856 | 80,338 | 1,504 | 18.7 | 0.94 (0.87-1.01) | .079 | |
| Female | 2017 | 105,132 | 518 | 4.9 | 102,146 | 785 | 7.7 | 102,925 | 397 | 3.9 | 99,072 | 1,179 | 11.9 | 84,343 | 1,936 | 23.0 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 107,361 | 562 | 5.2 | 1.06 (0.94-1.20) | .329 | 104,193 | 847 | 8.1 | 1.06 (0.96-1.17) | .263 | 104,924 | 415 | 4.0 | 1.03 (0.89-1.18) | .725 | 100,337 | 1,192 | 11.9 | 1.00 (0.92-1.08) | .984 | 85,310 | 1,808 | 21.2 | 0.92 (0.86-0.98) | .014 | |
| 2019 | 109,307 | 561 | 5.1 | 0.98 (0.87-1.10) | .742 | 106,001 | 934 | 8.8 | 1.08 (0.98-1.19) | .091 | 106,727 | 443 | 4.2 | 1.05 (0.91-1.20) | .494 | 101,286 | 1,247 | 12.3 | 1.04 (0.95-1.12) | .381 | 86,694 | 1,807 | 20.8 | 0.98 (0.92-1.05) | .614 | |
| 2020 | 112,429 | 652 | 5.8 | 1.13 (1.01-1.26) | .036 | 108,818 | 1,045 | 9.6 | 1.09 (0.99-1.19) | .055 | 109,593 | 571 | 5.2 | 1.26 (1.11-1.42) | <.001 | 103,287 | 1,313 | 12.7 | 1.03 (0.95-1.12) | .426 | 89,119 | 1,649 | 18.5 | 0.89 (0.83-0.94) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 115,303 | 951 | 8.2 | 1.42 (1.29-1.57) | <.001 | 111,510 | 1,334 | 12.0 | 1.25 (1.15-1.35) | <.001 | 112,325 | 741 | 6.6 | 1.27 (1.14-1.41) | <.001 | 105,002 | 1,641 | 15.6 | 1.23 (1.14-1.32) | <.001 | 91,735 | 1,758 | 19.2 | 1.04 (0.96-1.11) | .307 | |
| Age groups | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12-13 years old | 2017 | 74,563 | 219 | 2.9 | 72,386 | 450 | 6.2 | 72,594 | 188 | 2.6 | 69,296 | 833 | 12.0 | 55,799 | 1,603 | 28.7 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 75,226 | 222 | 3.0 | 1.00 (0.83-1.21) | .962 | 72,962 | 483 | 6.6 | 1.06 (0.93-1.21) | .341 | 73,162 | 181 | 2.5 | 0.96 (0.77-1.17) | .677 | 69,227 | 820 | 11.8 | 0.99 (0.89-1.09) | .767 | 55,881 | 1,481 | 26.5 | 0.92 (0.86-0.99) | .024 | |
| 2019 | 75,907 | 214 | 2.8 | 0.96 (0.79-1.15) | .666 | 73,494 | 502 | 6.8 | 1.03 (0.91-1.17) | .632 | 73,804 | 181 | 2.5 | 0.99 (0.80-1.22) | .958 | 68,944 | 772 | 11.2 | 0.95 (0.85-1.04) | .267 | 56,567 | 1,375 | 24.3 | 0.92 (0.85-0.98) | .020 | |
| 2020 | 78,036 | 230 | 2.9 | 1.05 (0.86-1.26) | .669 | 75,369 | 539 | 7.2 | 1.05 (0.92-1.18) | .474 | 75,935 | 223 | 2.9 | 1.20 (0.98-1.46) | .073 | 70,082 | 777 | 11.1 | 0.99 (0.89-1.09) | .858 | 58,521 | 1,256 | 21.5 | 0.88 (0.81-0.95) | .001 | |
| 2021 | 81,247 | 338 | 4.2 | 1.41 (1.19-1.67) | <.001 | 78,300 | 667 | 8.5 | 1.19 (1.06-1.33) | .002 | 79,002 | 275 | 3.5 | 1.19 (0.99-1.41) | .059 | 72,176 | 936 | 13.0 | 1.17 (1.06-1.29) | .001 | 61,447 | 1,333 | 21.7 | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | .796 | |
| 14-15 years old | 2017 | 71,692 | 300 | 4.2 | 69,327 | 487 | 7.0 | 70,374 | 206 | 2.9 | 66,829 | 687 | 10.3 | 52,167 | 1,449 | 27.8 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 73,843 | 341 | 4.6 | 1.10 (0.94-1.29) | .220 | 71,306 | 558 | 7.8 | 1.11 (0.98-1.26) | .082 | 72,117 | 209 | 2.9 | 0.99 (0.81-1.20) | .922 | 68,283 | 700 | 10.3 | 1.00 (0.89-1.11) | .978 | 53,416 | 1,328 | 24.9 | 0.90 (0.83-0.96) | .003 | |
| 2019 | 75,910 | 317 | 4.2 | 0.90 (0.77-1.05) | .197 | 73,264 | 534 | 7.3 | 0.93 (0.82-1.05) | .248 | 74,070 | 216 | 2.9 | 1.01 (0.83-1.22) | .961 | 69,619 | 695 | 10.0 | 0.97 (0.87-1.08) | .628 | 54,742 | 1,440 | 26.3 | 1.06 (0.98-1.14) | .133 | |
| 2020 | 77,165 | 389 | 5.0 | 1.21 (1.04-1.40) | .013 | 74,396 | 600 | 8.1 | 1.11 (0.98-1.24) | .089 | 75,200 | 269 | 3.6 | 1.23 (1.03-1.47) | .026 | 70,163 | 770 | 11.0 | 1.10 (0.99-1.22) | .070 | 55,511 | 1,168 | 21.0 | 0.80 (0.74-0.86) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 77,825 | 485 | 6.2 | 1.24 (1.08-1.41) | .002 | 74,891 | 751 | 10.0 | 1.24 (1.12-1.38) | <.001 | 75,807 | 354 | 4.7 | 1.31 (1.11-1.53) | .001 | 69,895 | 899 | 12.9 | 1.17 (1.06-1.29) | .001 | 56,428 | 1,217 | 21.6 | 1.03 (0.94-1.11) | .548 | |
| 16-17 years old | 2017 | 69,866 | 426 | 6.1 | 67,495 | 597 | 8.8 | 69,136 | 129 | 1.9 | 65,545 | 649 | 9.9 | 50,193 | 872 | 17.4 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 71,599 | 442 | 6.2 | 1.01 (0.88-1.16) | .865 | 69,062 | 597 | 8.6 | 0.98 (0.87-1.09) | .706 | 70,830 | 169 | 2.4 | 1.28 (1.02-1.61) | .037 | 66,656 | 686 | 10.3 | 1.04 (0.93-1.16) | .492 | 50,677 | 845 | 16.7 | 0.96 (0.87-1.06) | .394 | |
| 2019 | 72,735 | 447 | 6.1 | 1.00 (0.87-1.14) | .973 | 69,993 | 621 | 8.9 | 1.03 (0.91-1.15) | .666 | 71,716 | 170 | 2.4 | 0.99 (0.80-1.23) | .957 | 67,228 | 665 | 9.9 | 0.96 (0.86-1.07) | .477 | 51,220 | 842 | 16.4 | 0.99 (0.89-1.08) | .787 | |
| 2020 | 75,316 | 462 | 6.1 | 1.00 (0.87-1.14) | 1.000 | 72,362 | 700 | 9.7 | 1.09 (0.97-1.21) | .115 | 73,912 | 229 | 3.1 | 1.31 (1.07-1.59) | .008 | 69,088 | 737 | 10.7 | 1.08 (0.97-1.20) | .163 | 52,890 | 777 | 14.7 | 0.89 (0.81-0.98) | .024 | |
| 2021 | 77,219 | 575 | 7.4 | 1.21 (1.07-1.37) | .002 | 74,120 | 857 | 11.6 | 1.20 (1.08-1.32) | <.001 | 75,690 | 265 | 3.5 | 1.13 (0.94-1.35) | .177 | 70,260 | 797 | 11.3 | 1.06 (0.96-1.18) | .228 | 54,198 | 712 | 13.1 | 0.89 (0.80-0.99) | .030 | |
| Sector | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Jewish | 2017 | 174,062 | 851 | 4.9 | 167,906 | 1,336 | 8.0 | 170,742 | 470 | 2.8 | 160,951 | 1,895 | 11.8 | 123,540 | 3,424 | 27.7 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 177,600 | 900 | 5.1 | 1.04 (0.94-1.14) | .458 | 171,070 | 1,456 | 8.5 | 1.07 (0.99-1.15) | .077 | 173,872 | 506 | 2.9 | 1.06 (0.93-1.20) | .387 | 162,749 | 1,952 | 12.0 | 1.02 (0.95-1.09) | .570 | 124,945 | 3,187 | 25.5 | 0.92 (0.87-0.96) | .001 | |
| 2019 | 180,155 | 876 | 4.9 | 0.96 (0.87-1.05) | .392 | 173,174 | 1,500 | 8.7 | 1.02 (0.94-1.09) | .644 | 176,131 | 514 | 2.9 | 1.00 (0.88-1.13) | .975 | 163,327 | 1,860 | 11.4 | 0.95 (0.89-1.01) | .110 | 126,440 | 3,167 | 25.0 | 0.98 (0.93-1.03) | .469 | |
| 2020 | 185,019 | 979 | 5.3 | 1.09 (0.99-1.19) | .069 | 177,481 | 1,655 | 9.3 | 1.08 (1.00-1.15) | .038 | 180,607 | 682 | 3.8 | 1.29 (1.15-1.45) | <.001 | 166,137 | 1,987 | 12.0 | 1.05 (0.98-1.12) | .127 | 130,139 | 2,797 | 21.5 | 0.86 (0.81-0.90) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 189,689 | 1,305 | 6.9 | 1.30 (1.20-1.41) | <.001 | 181,615 | 2,043 | 11.2 | 1.21 (1.13-1.29) | <.001 | 185,017 | 832 | 4.5 | 1.19 (1.08-1.32) | .001 | 168,472 | 2,312 | 13.7 | 1.15 (1.08-1.22) | <.001 | 134,397 | 2,776 | 20.7 | 0.96 (0.91-1.01) | .136 | |
| Ultra-orthodox Jewish | 2017 | 26,314 | 69 | 2.6 | 25,830 | 149 | 5.8 | 25,705 | 36 | 1.4 | 25,562 | 177 | 6.9 | 20,911 | 386 | 18.5 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 27,045 | 76 | 2.8 | 1.07 (0.77-1.48) | .740 | 26,502 | 124 | 4.7 | 0.81 (0.63-1.03) | .089 | 26,313 | 43 | 1.6 | 1.17 (0.74-1.82) | .502 | 26,039 | 177 | 6.8 | 0.98 (0.79-1.21) | .873 | 21,163 | 384 | 18.1 | 0.98 (0.85-1.13) | .827 | |
| 2019 | 27,423 | 73 | 2.7 | 0.95 (0.68-1.31) | .744 | 26,852 | 114 | 4.2 | 0.91 (0.70-1.17) | .475 | 26,563 | 43 | 1.6 | 0.99 (0.64-1.51) | 1.000 | 26,162 | 184 | 7.0 | 1.03 (0.84-1.27) | .752 | 21,207 | 387 | 18.2 | 1.01 (0.87-1.16) | .942 | |
| 2020 | 28,405 | 65 | 2.3 | 0.86 (0.61-1.20) | .395 | 27,790 | 141 | 5.1 | 1.20 (0.93-1.53) | .167 | 27,425 | 30 | 1.1 | 0.68 (0.42-1.08) | .102 | 26,824 | 213 | 7.9 | 1.13 (0.92-1.38) | .227 | 21,811 | 287 | 13.2 | 0.72 (0.61-0.84) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 29,541 | 68 | 2.3 | 1.01 (0.71-1.41) | 1.000 | 28,862 | 161 | 5.6 | 1.10 (0.87-1.38) | .420 | 28,499 | 41 | 1.4 | 1.32 (0.82-2.11) | .285 | 27,588 | 223 | 8.1 | 1.02 (0.84-1.23) | .885 | 22,728 | 383 | 16.9 | 1.28 (1.10-1.49) | .001 | |
| Arab | 2017 | 15,745 | 25 | 1.6 | 15,472 | 49 | 3.2 | 15,657 | 17 | 1.1 | 15,157 | 97 | 6.4 | 13,708 | 114 | 8.3 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 16,023 | 29 | 1.8 | 1.14 (0.66-1.95) | .684 | 15,758 | 58 | 3.7 | 1.16 (0.79-1.70) | .441 | 15,924 | 10 | 0.6 | 0.58 (0.26-1.26) | .181 | 15,378 | 77 | 5.0 | 0.78 (0.58-1.06) | .111 | 13,866 | 83 | 6.0 | 0.72 (0.54-0.95) | .022 | |
| 2019 | 16,974 | 29 | 1.7 | 0.94 (0.56-1.58) | .896 | 16,725 | 43 | 2.6 | 0.70 (0.47-1.04) | .074 | 16,896 | 10 | 0.6 | 0.94 (0.39-2.26) | 1.000 | 16,302 | 88 | 5.4 | 1.08 (0.79-1.46) | .640 | 14,882 | 103 | 6.9 | 1.16 (0.86-1.54) | .339 | |
| 2020 | 17,093 | 37 | 2.2 | 1.27 (0.77-2.06) | .389 | 16,856 | 43 | 2.6 | 0.99 (0.65-1.51) | 1.000 | 17,015 | 9 | 0.5 | 0.89 (0.36-2.20) | .823 | 16,372 | 84 | 5.1 | 0.95 (0.70-1.28) | .760 | 14,972 | 117 | 7.8 | 1.13 (0.86-1.47) | .380 | |
| 2021 | 17,061 | 25 | 1.5 | 0.68 (0.40-1.12) | .162 | 16,834 | 71 | 4.2 | 1.65 (1.13-2.41) | .009 | 16,983 | 21 | 1.2 | 2.34 (1.07-5.10) | .029 | 16,271 | 97 | 6.0 | 1.16 (0.86-1.56) | .333 | 14,948 | 103 | 6.9 | 0.88 (0.67-1.15) | .379 | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Low (1-3) | 2017 | 26,273 | 70 | 2.7 | 25,706 | 120 | 4.7 | 25,881 | 46 | 1.8 | 25,253 | 174 | 6.9 | 21,351 | 282 | 13.2 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 27,015 | 72 | 2.7 | 1.00 (0.72-1.39) | 1.000 | 26,448 | 115 | 4.3 | 0.93 (0.72-1.20) | .601 | 26,559 | 39 | 1.5 | 0.83 (0.53-1.27) | .387 | 25,836 | 193 | 7.5 | 1.08 (0.88-1.33) | .463 | 21,737 | 280 | 12.9 | 0.98 (0.82-1.15) | .767 | |
| 2019 | 28,143 | 64 | 2.3 | 0.85 (0.60-1.19) | .391 | 27,569 | 100 | 3.6 | 0.83 (0.63-1.09) | .194 | 27,643 | 29 | 1.0 | 0.71 (0.44-1.16) | .183 | 26,778 | 181 | 6.8 | 0.90 (0.73-1.11) | .350 | 22,745 | 278 | 12.2 | 0.95 (0.80-1.12) | .551 | |
| 2020 | 28,692 | 77 | 2.7 | 1.18 (0.84-1.64) | .354 | 28,099 | 130 | 4.6 | 1.28 (0.98-1.66) | .074 | 28,156 | 23 | 0.8 | 0.78 (0.45-1.35) | .407 | 27,149 | 227 | 8.4 | 1.24 (1.02-1.50) | .033 | 23,122 | 225 | 9.7 | 0.80 (0.66-0.94) | .011 | |
| 2021 | 29,215 | 76 | 2.6 | 0.97 (0.70-1.33) | .872 | 28,599 | 155 | 5.4 | 1.17 (0.92-1.48) | .191 | 28,674 | 37 | 1.3 | 1.58 (0.93-2.66) | .093 | 27,398 | 231 | 8.4 | 1.01 (0.84-1.21) | .963 | 23,584 | 264 | 11.2 | 1.15 (0.96-1.37) | .122 | |
| Medium (4-7) | 2017 | 138,133 | 656 | 4.7 | 133,473 | 1,048 | 7.9 | 135,352 | 342 | 2.5 | 128,074 | 1,516 | 11.8 | 99,492 | 2,520 | 25.3 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 140,250 | 672 | 4.8 | 1.01 (0.90-1.12) | .891 | 135,291 | 1,111 | 8.2 | 1.05 (0.96-1.14) | .300 | 137,122 | 383 | 2.8 | 1.11 (0.95-1.28) | .181 | 128,781 | 1,549 | 12.0 | 1.02 (0.94-1.09) | .663 | 99,946 | 2,284 | 22.9 | 0.90 (0.85-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 141,445 | 641 | 4.5 | 0.95 (0.84-1.05) | .319 | 136,173 | 1,107 | 8.1 | 0.99 (0.91-1.08) | .815 | 138,060 | 378 | 2.7 | 0.98 (0.85-1.13) | .799 | 128,413 | 1,482 | 11.5 | 0.96 (0.89-1.03) | .257 | 100,311 | 2,336 | 23.3 | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) | .522 | |
| 2020 | 144,692 | 750 | 5.2 | 1.14 (1.03-1.27) | .012 | 139,033 | 1,239 | 8.9 | 1.10 (1.01-1.19) | .026 | 140,963 | 487 | 3.5 | 1.26 (1.10-1.44) | .001 | 129,947 | 1,539 | 11.8 | 1.03 (0.95-1.10) | .475 | 102,594 | 1,972 | 19.2 | 0.83 (0.77-0.87) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 147,839 | 969 | 6.6 | 1.26 (1.15-1.39) | <.001 | 141,809 | 1,522 | 10.7 | 1.20 (1.12-1.30) | <.001 | 143,872 | 585 | 4.1 | 1.18 (1.04-1.33) | .008 | 131,243 | 1,794 | 13.7 | 1.15 (1.08-1.24) | <.001 | 105,323 | 1,952 | 18.5 | 0.96 (0.90-1.03) | .252 | |
| High (8-10) | 2017 | 51,128 | 218 | 4.3 | 49,463 | 363 | 7.3 | 50,300 | 132 | 2.6 | 47,787 | 475 | 9.9 | 36,857 | 1,118 | 30.3 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 52,743 | 258 | 4.9 | 1.15 (0.95-1.37) | .141 | 50,952 | 407 | 8.0 | 1.09 (0.94-1.25) | .247 | 51,783 | 137 | 2.6 | 1.01 (0.79-1.28) | .951 | 48,927 | 455 | 9.3 | 0.94 (0.82-1.06) | .323 | 37,767 | 1,080 | 28.6 | 0.94 (0.86-1.02) | .166 | |
| 2019 | 54,216 | 272 | 5.0 | 1.03 (0.86-1.22) | .794 | 52,282 | 444 | 8.5 | 1.06 (0.92-1.22) | .371 | 53,149 | 160 | 3.0 | 1.14 (0.90-1.43) | .270 | 49,898 | 463 | 9.3 | 1.00 (0.87-1.14) | 1.000 | 38,859 | 1,033 | 26.6 | 0.93 (0.85-1.01) | .089 | |
| 2020 | 56,274 | 247 | 4.4 | 0.87 (0.73-1.04) | .135 | 54,159 | 463 | 8.5 | 1.01 (0.88-1.15) | .947 | 55,078 | 205 | 3.7 | 1.24 (1.01-1.52) | .046 | 51,433 | 507 | 9.9 | 1.06 (0.93-1.20) | .350 | 40,482 | 991 | 24.5 | 0.92 (0.84-1.00) | .062 | |
| 2021 | 58,247 | 348 | 6.0 | 1.36 (1.16-1.60) | <.001 | 55,934 | 583 | 10.4 | 1.22 (1.08-1.38) | .001 | 56,969 | 268 | 4.7 | 1.26 (1.05-1.52) | .011 | 52,765 | 593 | 11.2 | 1.14 (1.01-1.28) | .031 | 42,312 | 1,034 | 24.4 | 1.00 (0.91-1.09) | .982 | |
| Characteristics | Year | Antidepressant |
Anxiolytic |
Antipsychotic |
ADHD agents |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population N |
Incidence n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p Value | Population N |
Incidence n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/year 1 (95% CI) | p Value | Population N |
Incidence n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p Value | Population N |
Incidence n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p Value | ||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 212,163 | 1,787 | 8.4 | 215,824 | 539 | 2.5 | 212,741 | 850 | 4.0 | 169,423 | 4,886 | 28.8 | |||||||||
| 2018 | 216,569 | 1,943 | 9.0 | 1.07 (0.99-1.14) | .054 | 220,652 | 488 | 2.2 | 0.89 (0.78-1.00) | .053 | 216,937 | 877 | 4.0 | 1.01 (0.92-1.11) | .810 | 171,754 | 4,734 | 27.6 | 0.96 (0.91-0.99) | .025 | |
| 2019 | 220,245 | 2,054 | 9.3 | 1.04 (0.97-1.11) | .221 | 224,870 | 509 | 2.3 | 1.02 (0.90-1.16) | .727 | 220,544 | 983 | 4.5 | 1.10 (1.01-1.21) | .036 | 174,454 | 4,677 | 26.8 | 0.97 (0.93-1.01) | .174 | |
| 2020 | 225,826 | 2,198 | 9.7 | 1.04 (0.98-1.11) | .165 | 231,124 | 497 | 2.2 | 0.95 (0.84-1.07) | .430 | 226,158 | 1,069 | 4.7 | 1.06 (0.97-1.16) | .184 | 179,053 | 4,193 | 23.4 | 0.87 (0.83-0.91) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 231,381 | 2,706 | 11.7 | 1.20 (1.14-1.27) | <.001 | 237,292 | 572 | 2.4 | 1.12 (0.99-1.26) | .066 | 231,593 | 1,326 | 5.7 | 1.21 (1.12-1.31) | <.001 | 184,540 | 4,453 | 24.1 | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | .160 | |
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 2017 | 108,504 | 832 | 7.7 | 110,806 | 241 | 2.2 | 107,907 | 498 | 4.6 | 81,001 | 2,474 | 30.5 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 110,798 | 932 | 8.4 | 1.10 (0.99-1.20) | .053 | 113,272 | 208 | 1.8 | 0.84 (0.70-1.02) | .080 | 109,966 | 511 | 4.6 | 1.01 (0.89-1.14) | .925 | 82,071 | 2,357 | 28.7 | 0.94 (0.88-0.99) | .031 | |
| 2019 | 112,594 | 957 | 8.5 | 1.01 (0.92-1.11) | .835 | 115,366 | 207 | 1.8 | 0.98 (0.80-1.18) | .844 | 111,631 | 578 | 5.2 | 1.11 (0.98-1.26) | .078 | 83,246 | 2,295 | 27.6 | 0.96 (0.90-1.02) | .158 | |
| 2020 | 115,235 | 935 | 8.1 | 0.95 (0.87-1.04) | .321 | 118,310 | 238 | 2.0 | 1.12 (0.93-1.35) | .236 | 114,177 | 565 | 4.9 | 0.96 (0.85-1.07) | .458 | 85,409 | 1,918 | 22.5 | 0.81 (0.76-0.86) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 118,047 | 1,086 | 9.2 | 1.13 (1.04-1.24) | .005 | 121,341 | 230 | 1.9 | 0.94 (0.78-1.13) | .548 | 116,821 | 618 | 5.3 | 1.07 (0.95-1.20) | .256 | 88,125 | 1,884 | 21.4 | 0.95 (0.89-1.01) | .127 | |
| Female | 2017 | 103,659 | 955 | 9.2 | 105,018 | 298 | 2.8 | 104,834 | 352 | 3.4 | 88,422 | 2,412 | 27.3 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 105,771 | 1,011 | 9.6 | 1.04 (0.95-1.13) | .415 | 107,380 | 280 | 2.6 | 0.92 (0.78-1.08) | .318 | 106,971 | 366 | 3.4 | 1.02 (0.88-1.18) | .823 | 89,683 | 2,377 | 26.5 | 0.97 (0.91-1.03) | .319 | |
| 2019 | 107,651 | 1,097 | 10.2 | 1.07 (0.97-1.16) | .142 | 109,504 | 302 | 2.8 | 1.06 (0.89-1.24) | .507 | 108,913 | 405 | 3.7 | 1.09 (0.94-1.25) | .249 | 91,208 | 2,382 | 26.1 | 0.99 (0.93-1.04) | .607 | |
| 2020 | 110,591 | 1,263 | 11.4 | 1.12 (1.03-1.22) | .006 | 112,814 | 259 | 2.3 | 0.83 (0.70-0.98) | .031 | 111,981 | 504 | 4.5 | 1.21 (1.06-1.38) | .004 | 93,644 | 2,275 | 24.3 | 0.93 (0.87-0.98) | .013 | |
| 2021 | 113,334 | 1,620 | 14.3 | 1.25 (1.16-1.35) | <.001 | 115,951 | 342 | 2.9 | 1.28 (1.09-1.51) | .002 | 114,772 | 708 | 6.2 | 1.37 (1.22-1.54) | <.001 | 96,415 | 2,569 | 26.6 | 1.10 (1.04-1.16) | .001 | |
| Age groups | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 12-13 years old | 2017 | 73609 | 436 | 5.9 | 74,351 | 71 | 1.0 | 73,193 | 268 | 3.7 | 60,395 | 1,789 | 29.6 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 74281 | 467 | 6.3 | 1.06 (0.93-1.21) | .385 | 75,109 | 74 | 1.0 | 1.03 (0.74-1.43) | .868 | 73,774 | 255 | 3.5 | 0.94 (0.79-1.12) | .512 | 60,738 | 1,698 | 28.0 | 0.94 (0.88-1.01) | .086 | |
| 2019 | 74974 | 537 | 7.2 | 1.14 (1.01-1.29) | .040 | 75,875 | 70 | 0.9 | 0.94 (0.67-1.30) | .739 | 74,360 | 294 | 4.0 | 1.14 (0.96-1.35) | .124 | 61,305 | 1,643 | 26.8 | 0.96 (0.89-1.03) | .219 | |
| 2020 | 76998 | 557 | 7.2 | 1.01 (0.89-1.14) | .879 | 78,081 | 63 | 0.8 | 0.87 (0.62-1.23) | .488 | 76,479 | 307 | 4.0 | 1.02 (0.86-1.19) | .870 | 63,206 | 1,416 | 22.4 | 0.84 (0.77-0.89) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 80126 | 676 | 8.4 | 1.17 (1.04-1.30) | .007 | 81,363 | 83 | 1.0 | 1.26 (0.91-1.75) | .185 | 79,590 | 352 | 4.4 | 1.1 (0.94-1.28) | .226 | 66,260 | 1,496 | 22.6 | 1.01 (0.93-1.08) | .837 | |
| 14-15 years old | 2017 | 70412 | 576 | 8.2 | 71,562 | 158 | 2.2 | 70,550 | 289 | 4.1 | 56,031 | 1,718 | 30.7 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 72479 | 700 | 9.7 | 1.18 (1.06-1.32) | .003 | 73,766 | 127 | 1.7 | 0.78 (0.61-0.98) | .038 | 72,521 | 313 | 4.3 | 1.05 (0.89-1.24) | .540 | 57,316 | 1,701 | 29.7 | 0.97 (0.90-1.04) | .339 | |
| 2019 | 74450 | 684 | 9.2 | 0.95 (0.85-1.06) | .358 | 76,027 | 128 | 1.7 | 0.98 (0.76-1.25) | .900 | 74,508 | 326 | 4.4 | 1.01 (0.86-1.18) | .874 | 58,836 | 1,723 | 29.3 | 0.99 (0.92-1.06) | .703 | |
| 2020 | 75628 | 696 | 9.2 | 1.00 (0.90-1.11) | .978 | 77,375 | 143 | 1.8 | 1.10 (0.86-1.39) | .466 | 75,631 | 347 | 4.6 | 1.05 (0.90-1.22) | .562 | 59,850 | 1,448 | 24.2 | 0.83 (0.77-0.88) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 76253 | 928 | 12.2 | 1.32 (1.2-1.46) | <.001 | 78,170 | 141 | 1.8 | 0.98 (0.77-1.23) | .859 | 76,189 | 459 | 6.0 | 1.31 (1.14-1.51) | <.001 | 60,644 | 1,605 | 26.5 | 1.09 (1.02-1.17) | .013 | |
| 16-17 years old | 2017 | 68142 | 775 | 11.4 | 69,911 | 310 | 4.4 | 68,998 | 293 | 4.2 | 52,997 | 1,379 | 26.0 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 69809 | 776 | 11.1 | 0.98 (0.88-1.08) | .664 | 71,777 | 287 | 4.0 | 0.90 (0.76-1.06) | .218 | 70,642 | 309 | 4.4 | 1.03 (0.87-1.21) | .744 | 53,700 | 1,335 | 24.9 | 0.96 (0.88-1.03) | .236 | |
| 2019 | 70821 | 833 | 11.8 | 1.06 (0.96-1.17) | .259 | 72,968 | 311 | 4.3 | 1.07 (0.90-1.25) | .437 | 71,676 | 363 | 5.1 | 1.16 (0.99-1.35) | .058 | 54,313 | 1,311 | 24.1 | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) | .443 | |
| 2020 | 73200 | 945 | 12.9 | 1.10 (1.00-1.20) | .050 | 75,668 | 291 | 3.8 | 0.90 (0.76-1.06) | .220 | 74,048 | 415 | 5.6 | 1.11 (0.96-1.27) | .161 | 55,997 | 1,329 | 23.7 | 0.98 (0.91-1.06) | .665 | |
| 2021 | 75002 | 1102 | 14.7 | 1.14 (1.04-1.24) | .003 | 77,759 | 348 | 4.5 | 1.16 (0.99-1.36) | .057 | 75,814 | 515 | 6.8 | 1.21 (1.07-1.38) | .003 | 57,636 | 1,352 | 23.5 | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | .769 | |
| Sector | |||||||||||||||||||||
| General Jewish | 2017 | 170,748 | 1,582 | 9.3 | 173,941 | 461 | 2.7 | 171,296 | 659 | 3.8 | 133,344 | 4,168 | 30.9 | 0.96 (0.91-0.99) | .036 | ||||||
| 2018 | 174,114 | 1,707 | 9.8 | 1.06 (0.98-1.13) | .107 | 177,737 | 409 | 2.3 | 0.87 (0.76-0.99) | .038 | 174,559 | 670 | 3.8 | 1.00 (0.89-1.11) | .978 | 135,086 | 4,064 | 29.7 | 0.96 (0.92-1.01) | .089 | |
| 2019 | 176,479 | 1,794 | 10.2 | 1.04 (0.97-1.11) | .285 | 180,585 | 431 | 2.4 | 1.04 (0.90-1.19) | .604 | 176,880 | 748 | 4.2 | 1.10 (0.99-1.22) | .070 | 136,686 | 3,692 | 26.3 | 0.88 (0.84-0.92) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 181,047 | 1,951 | 10.8 | 1.06 (0.99-1.13) | .073 | 185,714 | 413 | 2.2 | 0.93 (0.81-1.07) | .318 | 181,497 | 851 | 4.7 | 1.11 (1.01-1.22) | .040 | 140,548 | 3,870 | 26.7 | 1.02 (0.97-1.06) | .499 | |
| 2021 | 185,511 | 2,432 | 13.1 | 1.22 (1.15-1.29) | <.001 | 190,761 | 499 | 2.6 | 1.18 (1.03-1.34) | .015 | 185,885 | 1,056 | 5.7 | 1.21 (1.11-1.33) | <.001 | 145,076 | |||||
| Ultra-orthodox Jewish | 2017 | 25,818 | 171 | 6.6 | 26,204 | 56 | 2.1 | 25,792 | 170 | 6.6 | 21,719 | 460 | 21.2 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 26,549 | 206 | 7.8 | 1.17 (0.95-1.43) | .134 | 26,944 | 47 | 1.7 | 0.82 (0.55-1.20) | .325 | 26,456 | 185 | 7.0 | 1.06 (0.86-1.31) | .595 | 22,051 | 477 | 21.6 | 1.02 (0.89-1.16) | .766 | |
| 2019 | 26,884 | 221 | 8.2 | 1.06 (0.87-1.28) | .560 | 27,339 | 50 | 1.8 | 1.05 (0.70-1.56) | .839 | 26,771 | 214 | 8.0 | 1.14 (0.93-1.39) | .191 | 22,142 | 497 | 22.4 | 1.04 (0.91-1.18) | .582 | |
| 2020 | 27,769 | 192 | 6.9 | 0.84 (0.69-1.02) | .084 | 28,322 | 68 | 2.4 | 1.31 (0.91-1.89) | .167 | 27,654 | 189 | 6.8 | 0.85 (0.70-1.04) | .121 | 22,750 | 382 | 16.8 | 0.75 (0.65-0.85) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 28,891 | 226 | 7.8 | 1.13 (0.93-1.37) | .220 | 29,464 | 52 | 1.8 | 0.74 (0.51-1.05) | .100 | 28,727 | 237 | 8.3 | 1.21 (0.99-1.46) | .058 | 23,697 | 463 | 19.5 | 1.16 (1.02-1.33) | .029 | |
| Arab | 2017 | 15,597 | 34 | 2.2 | 15,679 | 22 | 1.4 | 15,653 | 21 | 1.3 | 14,360 | 122 | 8.5 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 15,906 | 30 | 1.9 | 0.87 (0.53-1.41) | .617 | 15,971 | 32 | 2.0 | 1.43 (0.83-2.46) | .221 | 15,922 | 22 | 1.4 | 1.03 (0.56-1.87) | 1.000 | 14,617 | 89 | 6.1 | 0.72 (0.54-0.94) | .019 | |
| 2019 | 16,882 | 39 | 2.3 | 1.22 (0.76-1.97) | .470 | 16,946 | 28 | 1.7 | 0.82 (0.49-1.37) | .519 | 16,893 | 21 | 1.2 | 0.90 (0.49-1.64) | .762 | 15,626 | 116 | 7.4 | 1.22 (0.92-1.61) | .161 | |
| 2020 | 17,010 | 55 | 3.2 | 1.40 (0.92-2.11) | .121 | 17,088 | 16 | 0.9 | 0.57 (0.30-1.05) | .071 | 17,007 | 29 | 1.7 | 1.37 (0.78-2.41) | .322 | 15,755 | 119 | 7.6 | 1.02 (0.78-1.31) | .896 | |
| 2021 | 16,979 | 48 | 2.8 | 0.87 (0.59-1.29) | .554 | 17,067 | 21 | 1.2 | 1.31 (0.68-2.52) | .417 | 16,981 | 33 | 1.9 | 1.14 (0.69-1.88) | .614 | 15,767 | 120 | 7.6 | 1.01 (0.78-1.30) | 1.000 | |
| Socioeconomic status | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Low (1-3) | 2017 | 25,890 | 123 | 4.8 | 26,150 | 50 | 1.9 | 25,864 | 104 | 4.0 | 22,614 | 327 | 14.5 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 26,669 | 149 | 5.6 | 1.18 (0.92-1.49) | .202 | 26,925 | 55 | 2.0 | 1.07 (0.72-1.57) | .770 | 26,563 | 114 | 4.3 | 1.07 (0.81-1.39) | .635 | 23,137 | 357 | 15.4 | 1.07 (0.91-1.24) | .397 | |
| 2019 | 27,785 | 155 | 5.6 | 1.00 (0.79-1.25) | 1.000 | 28,085 | 51 | 1.8 | 0.89 (0.60-1.30) | .561 | 27,651 | 122 | 4.4 | 1.03 (0.79-1.33) | .845 | 24,141 | 377 | 15.6 | 1.01 (0.87-1.17) | .882 | |
| 2020 | 28,307 | 138 | 4.9 | 0.87 (0.69-1.10) | .266 | 28,662 | 59 | 2.1 | 1.13 (0.77-1.65) | .567 | 28,156 | 131 | 4.7 | 1.05 (0.82-1.35) | .705 | 24,568 | 283 | 11.5 | 0.74 (0.63-0.86) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 28,860 | 159 | 5.5 | 1.13 (0.90-1.42) | .296 | 29,208 | 56 | 1.9 | 0.93 (0.64-1.34) | .710 | 28,659 | 140 | 4.9 | 1.05 (0.82-1.33) | .715 | 25,088 | 315 | 12.6 | 1.09 (0.92-1.28) | .304 | |
| Medium (4-7) | 2017 | 135,607 | 1,200 | 8.8 | 137,997 | 365 | 2.6 | 135,797 | 548 | 4.0 | 107,325 | 3,108 | 29.0 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 137,642 | 1,259 | 9.1 | 1.03 (0.95-1.12) | .418 | 140,272 | 294 | 2.1 | 0.79 (0.68-0.92) | .003 | 137,711 | 592 | 4.3 | 1.07 (0.94-1.20) | .286 | 108,151 | 2,988 | 27.6 | 0.95 (0.90-1.00) | .063 | |
| 2019 | 138,738 | 1,328 | 9.6 | 1.05 (0.96-1.13) | .252 | 141,723 | 328 | 2.3 | 1.10 (0.94-1.29) | .228 | 138,775 | 648 | 4.7 | 1.09 (0.97-1.21) | .147 | 108,595 | 2,917 | 26.9 | 0.97 (0.92-1.02) | .273 | |
| 2020 | 141,717 | 1,441 | 10.2 | 1.06 (0.98-1.14) | .113 | 145,151 | 330 | 2.3 | 0.98 (0.84-1.14) | .845 | 141,754 | 699 | 4.9 | 1.06 (0.94-1.18) | .325 | 110,998 | 2,617 | 23.6 | 0.88 (0.83-0.92) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 144,750 | 1,778 | 12.3 | 1.21 (1.13-1.29) | <.001 | 148,576 | 369 | 2.5 | 1.09 (0.94-1.27) | .256 | 144,661 | 874 | 6.0 | 1.23 (1.11-1.35) | <.001 | 113,948 | 2,782 | 24.4 | 1.04 (0.98-1.09) | .195 | |
| High (8-10) | 2017 | 50,092 | 461 | 9.2 | 51,089 | 123 | 2.4 | 50,499 | 195 | 3.9 | 39,003 | 1,443 | 37.0 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 51,611 | 527 | 10.2 | 1.11 (0.97-1.26) | .103 | 52,794 | 138 | 2.6 | 1.09 (0.85-1.38) | .536 | 52,013 | 169 | 3.2 | 0.84 (0.68-1.03) | .104 | 39,922 | 1,373 | 34.4 | 0.93 (0.86-1.00) | .050 | |
| 2019 | 52,989 | 568 | 10.7 | 1.05 (0.93-1.18) | .430 | 54,309 | 128 | 2.4 | 0.90 (0.70-1.15) | .425 | 53,379 | 208 | 3.9 | 1.20 (0.97-1.47) | .080 | 41,085 | 1,375 | 33.5 | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) | .473 | |
| 2020 | 54,956 | 607 | 11.0 | 1.03 (0.91-1.16) | .618 | 56,447 | 107 | 1.9 | 0.80 (0.62-1.04) | .102 | 55,400 | 234 | 4.2 | 1.08 (0.89-1.31) | .418 | 42,745 | 1,272 | 29.8 | 0.89 (0.82-0.96) | .002 | |
| 2021 | 56,794 | 758 | 13.3 | 1.21 (1.09-1.34) | <.001 | 58,510 | 147 | 2.5 | 1.33 (1.03-1.70) | .028 | 57,294 | 308 | 5.4 | 1.27 (1.07-1.51) | .006 | 44,634 | 1,339 | 30.0 | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | .842 | |
ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; RR = relative risk.