Table 2.
Study Population Characteristics of Adolescents With a Psychiatric History and Rates of Mental Health Diagnoses and Medications by Years, Diagnoses, and Medications
| Characteristics | Depression |
Anxiety |
Eating disorder |
Stress |
ADHD |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population, n | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | Population, n | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/year 1 (95% CI) | p | Population, n | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/year 1 (95% CI) | p | Population, n | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/year 1 (95% CI) | p | Population, n | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | ||
| Total | Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 1,194 | 295 | 247.1 | 3,554 | 940 | 264.5 | 1,203 | 266 | 221.1 | 6,624 | 1,306 | 197.2 | 33,940 | 15,230 | 448.7 | |||||||||||
| 2018 | 1,260 | 328 | 260.3 | 1.05 (0.92-1.21) | .458 | 3,946 | 1,065 | 269.9 | 1.02 (0.95-1.10) | .601 | 1,311 | 272 | 207.5 | 0.94 (0.81-1.09) | .408 | 7,675 | 1,428 | 186.1 | 0.94 (0.88-1.01) | .096 | 35,219 | 14,962 | 424.8 | 0.95 (0.93-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 1,418 | 372 | 262.3 | 1.01 (0.89-1.14) | .930 | 4,438 | 1,193 | 268.8 | 1.00 (0.93-1.07) | .921 | 1,387 | 295 | 212.7 | 1.03 (0.89-1.19) | .741 | 8,471 | 1,553 | 183.3 | 0.99 (0.92-1.05) | .670 | 35,787 | 14,316 | 400.0 | 0.94 (0.93-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 1,486 | 407 | 273.9 | 1.04 (0.93-1.18) | .503 | 4,699 | 1,339 | 285.0 | 1.06 (0.99-1.13) | .088 | 1,374 | 343 | 249.6 | 1.17 (1.02-1.35) | .021 | 8,792 | 1,587 | 180.5 | 0.98 (0.92-1.05) | .636 | 35,099 | 12,928 | 368.3 | 0.92 (0.90-0.94) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 1,607 | 449 | 279.4 | 1.02 (0.91-1.14) | .748 | 4,992 | 1,444 | 289.3 | 1.02 (0.95-1.08) | .653 | 1,478 | 420 | 284.2 | 1.14 (1.01-1.29) | .038 | 8,959 | 1,726 | 192.7 | 1.07 (1.00-1.13) | .039 | 32,445 | 11,739 | 361.8 | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) | .080 | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 2017 | 642 | 181 | 281.9 | 1,607 | 415 | 258.2 | 779 | 211 | 270.9 | 3,057 | 621 | 203.1 | 11,918 | 5012 | 420.5 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 676 | 189 | 279.6 | 0.99 (0.83-1.18) | .951 | 1,776 | 450 | 253.4 | 0.98 (0.87-1.10) | .752 | 845 | 213 | 252.1 | 0.93 (0.79-1.10) | .397 | 3,549 | 702 | 197.8 | 0.97 (0.88-1.07) | .600 | 12,343 | 4973 | 402.9 | 0.96 (0.93-0.99) | .005 | |
| 2019 | 779 | 238 | 305.5 | 1.09 (0.93-1.28) | .299 | 1,985 | 512 | 257.9 | 1.02 (0.91-1.14) | .765 | 913 | 244 | 267.3 | 1.06 (0.91-1.24) | .480 | 3,998 | 773 | 193.3 | 0.98 (0.89-1.07) | .642 | 12,703 | 4,852 | 382.0 | 0.95 (0.92-0.98) | .001 | |
| 2020 | 823 | 239 | 290.4 | 0.95 (0.82-1.10) | .512 | 2,100 | 588 | 280.0 | 1.09 (0.98-1.20) | .113 | 906 | 280 | 309.1 | 1.16 (1.00-1.34) | .049 | 4,219 | 776 | 183.9 | 0.95 (0.87-1.04) | .284 | 12,637 | 4,548 | 359.9 | 0.94 (0.91-0.97) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 908 | 282 | 310.6 | 1.07 (0.93-1.24) | .373 | 2,314 | 662 | 286.1 | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) | .664 | 1,036 | 364 | 351.4 | 1.14 (1.00-1.29) | .053 | 4,389 | 898 | 204.6 | 1.11 (1.02-1.21) | .017 | 11,942 | 4,149 | 347.4 | 0.97 (0.93-1.00) | .041 | |
| Male | 2017 | 552 | 114 | 206.5 | 1,947 | 525 | 269.6 | 424 | 55 | 129.7 | 3,567 | 685 | 192.0 | 22,022 | 10,218 | 464.0 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 584 | 139 | 238.0 | 1.15 (0.93-1.43) | .225 | 2,170 | 615 | 283.4 | 1.05 (0.95-1.16) | .329 | 466 | 59 | 126.6 | 0.98 (0.69-1.38) | .920 | 4,126 | 726 | 176.0 | 0.92 (0.83-1.01) | .072 | 22,876 | 9,989 | 436.7 | 0.94 (0.92-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 639 | 134 | 209.7 | 0.88 (0.71-1.09) | .243 | 2,453 | 681 | 277.6 | 0.98 (0.89-1.07) | .670 | 474 | 51 | 107.6 | 0.85 (0.60-1.21) | .417 | 4,473 | 780 | 174.4 | 0.99 (0.90-1.09) | .865 | 23,084 | 9,464 | 410.0 | 0.94 (0.92-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 663 | 168 | 253.4 | 1.21 (0.99-1.47) | .066 | 2,599 | 751 | 289.0 | 1.04 (0.95-1.14) | .382 | 468 | 63 | 134.6 | 1.25 (0.88-1.77) | .231 | 4,573 | 811 | 177.3 | 1.02 (0.93-1.11) | .720 | 22,462 | 8,380 | 373.1 | 0.91 (0.89-0.93) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 699 | 167 | 238.9 | 0.94 (0.78-1.14) | .571 | 2,678 | 782 | 292.0 | 1.01 (0.93-1.10) | .808 | 442 | 56 | 126.7 | 0.94 (0.67-1.32) | .768 | 4,570 | 828 | 181.2 | 1.02 (0.94-1.12) | .643 | 20,503 | 7,590 | 370.2 | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | .542 | |
| Age, y | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12-13 | 2017 | 185 | 36 | 194.6 | 1072 | 268 | 250.0 | 323 | 53 | 164.1 | 2582 | 522 | 202.2 | 11659 | 5670 | 486.3 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 194 | 31 | 159.8 | 0.82 (0.53-1.27) | .420 | 1318 | 351 | 266.3 | 1.07 (0.93-1.22) | .373 | 354 | 63 | 178.0 | 1.08 (0.78-1.51) | .683 | 3147 | 575 | 182.7 | 0.90 (0.81-1.01) | .064 | 12016 | 5471 | 455.3 | 0.94 (0.91-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 236 | 54 | 228.8 | 1.43 (0.96-2.13) | .088 | 1452 | 350 | 241.0 | 0.91 (0.80-1.03) | .137 | 347 | 35 | 100.9 | 0.57 (0.39-0.83) | .003 | 3514 | 622 | 177.0 | 0.97 (0.87-1.07) | .565 | 12283 | 5187 | 422.3 | 0.93 (0.90-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 248 | 63 | 254.0 | 1.11 (0.81-1.52) | .526 | 1570 | 406 | 258.6 | 1.07 (0.95-1.21) | .275 | 333 | 42 | 126.1 | 1.25 (0.82-1.91) | .333 | 3699 | 649 | 175.5 | 0.99 (0.90-1.10) | .877 | 12158 | 4716 | 387.9 | 0.92 (0.89-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 287 | 61 | 212.5 | 0.84 (0.61-1.14) | .261 | 1,642 | 441 | 268.6 | 1.04 (0.93-1.17) | .522 | 334 | 58 | 173.7 | 1.38 (0.95-1.99) | .103 | 3,768 | 706 | 187.4 | 1.07 (0.97-1.18) | .186 | 11,259 | 4272 | 379.4 | 0.98 (0.95-1.01) | .188 | |
| 14-15 | 2017 | 335 | 81 | 241.8 | 1,219 | 323 | 265.0 | 371 | 87 | 234.5 | 2,168 | 405 | 186.8 | 11,452 | 5059 | 441.8 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 432 | 108 | 250.0 | 1.03 (0.81-1.33) | .801 | 1,281 | 347 | 270.9 | 1.02 (0.90-1.16) | .752 | 442 | 89 | 201.4 | 0.86 (0.66-1.12) | .267 | 2,523 | 467 | 185.1 | 0.99 (0.88-1.12) | .880 | 12,145 | 5113 | 421.0 | 0.95 (0.93-0.98) | .001 | |
| 2019 | 445 | 97 | 218.0 | 0.87 (0.69-1.11) | .265 | 1,426 | 372 | 260.9 | 0.96 (0.85-1.09) | .571 | 475 | 116 | 244.2 | 1.21 (0.95-1.55) | .132 | 2,701 | 488 | 180.7 | 0.98 (0.87-1.09) | .694 | 12,060 | 4703 | 390.0 | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 444 | 115 | 259.0 | 1.19 (0.94-1.50) | .157 | 1,474 | 420 | 284.9 | 1.09 (0.97-1.23) | .156 | 461 | 122 | 264.6 | 1.08 (0.87-1.35) | .500 | 2,756 | 480 | 174.2 | 0.96 (0.86-1.08) | .547 | 11,543 | 4101 | 355.3 | 0.91 (0.88-0.94) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 484 | 137 | 283.1 | 1.09 (0.88-1.35) | .417 | 1,595 | 473 | 296.6 | 1.04 (0.93-1.16) | .499 | 459 | 143 | 311.5 | 1.18 (0.96-1.44) | .126 | 2,758 | 529 | 191.8 | 1.10 (0.98-1.23) | .095 | 10,743 | 3750 | 349.1 | 0.98 (0.95-1.02) | .333 | |
| 16-17 | 2017 | 674 | 178 | 264.1 | 1,263 | 349 | 276.3 | 509 | 126 | 247.5 | 1,874 | 379 | 202.2 | 10,829 | 4501 | 415.6 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 634 | 189 | 298.1 | 1.13 (0.95-1.34) | .176 | 1,347 | 367 | 272.5 | 0.99 (0.87-1.12) | .826 | 515 | 120 | 233.0 | 0.94 (0.76-1.17) | .609 | 2,005 | 386 | 192.5 | 0.95 (0.84-1.08) | .467 | 11,058 | 4378 | 395.9 | 0.95 (0.92-0.98) | .003 | |
| 2019 | 737 | 221 | 299.9 | 1.01 (0.85-1.18) | .953 | 1,560 | 471 | 301.9 | 1.11 (0.99-1.24) | .085 | 565 | 144 | 254.9 | 1.09 (0.89-1.35) | .436 | 2,256 | 443 | 196.4 | 1.02 (0.90-1.15) | .757 | 11,444 | 4,426 | 386.8 | 0.98 (0.95-1.01) | .159 | |
| 2020 | 794 | 229 | 288.4 | 0.96 (0.82-1.12) | .653 | 1,655 | 513 | 310.0 | 1.03 (0.93-1.14) | .646 | 580 | 179 | 308.6 | 1.21 (1.01-1.46) | .049 | 2,337 | 458 | 196.0 | 1.00 (0.89-1.12) | 1.000 | 11,398 | 4,111 | 360.7 | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 836 | 251 | 300.2 | 1.04 (0.90-1.21) | .625 | 1,755 | 530 | 302.0 | 0.97 (0.88-1.08) | .629 | 685 | 219 | 319.7 | 1.04 (0.88-1.22) | .715 | 2,433 | 491 | 201.8 | 1.03 (0.92-1.15) | .637 | 10,443 | 3,717 | 355.9 | 0.99 (0.95-1.02) | .471 | |
| Sector | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Jewish | 2017 | 1,086 | 272 | 250.5 | 3,187 | 860 | 269.8 | 1,076 | 250 | 232.3 | 5,909 | 1,197 | 202.6 | 29,396 | 13,476 | 458.4 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 1,137 | 304 | 267.4 | 1.07 (0.93-1.23) | .383 | 3,532 | 989 | 280.0 | 1.04 (0.96-1.12) | .353 | 1,155 | 255 | 220.8 | 0.95 (0.82-1.11) | .544 | 6,737 | 1,305 | 193.7 | 0.96 (0.89-1.03) | .219 | 30,588 | 13,270 | 433.8 | 0.95 (0.93-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 1,290 | 340 | 263.6 | 0.99 (0.86-1.13) | .854 | 3,987 | 1,101 | 276.1 | 0.99 (0.92-1.06) | .718 | 1,241 | 279 | 224.8 | 1.02 (0.88-1.18) | .844 | 7,462 | 1,424 | 190.8 | 0.99 (0.92-1.05) | .670 | 31,049 | 12,628 | 406.7 | 0.94 (0.92-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 1,360 | 385 | 283.1 | 1.07 (0.95-1.22) | .276 | 4,257 | 1,231 | 289.2 | 1.05 (0.98-1.12) | .195 | 1,250 | 321 | 256.8 | 1.14 (0.99-1.31) | .068 | 7,789 | 1,435 | 184.2 | 0.97 (0.90-1.03) | .299 | 30,429 | 11,348 | 372.9 | 0.92 (0.90-0.94) | <0.001 | |
| 2021 | 1,479 | 421 | 284.7 | 1.01 (0.89-1.13) | .934 | 4,531 | 1,349 | 297.7 | 1.03 (0.96-1.10) | .386 | 1,360 | 402 | 295.6 | 1.15 (1.02-1.30) | .029 | 7,897 | 1,578 | 199.8 | 1.08 (1.02-1.16) | .013 | 28,029 | 10,127 | 361.3 | 0.97 (0.95-0.99) | 0.004 | |
| Ultra-orthodox Jewish | 2017 | 77 | 17 | 220.8 | 280 | 71 | 253.6 | 103 | 13 | 126.2 | 482 | 66 | 136.9 | 3635 | 1512 | 416.0 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 80 | 14 | 175.0 | 0.79 (0.42-1.49) | .549 | 306 | 60 | 196.1 | 0.77 (0.57-1.05) | .112 | 124 | 14 | 112.9 | 0.89 (0.44-1.82) | .838 | 657 | 75 | 114.2 | 0.83 (0.61-1.14) | .275 | 3777 | 1466 | 388.1 | 0.93 (0.88-0.99) | .015 | |
| 2019 | 77 | 21 | 272.7 | 1.56 (0.86-2.84) | .180 | 341 | 79 | 231.7 | 1.18 (0.88-1.59) | .292 | 121 | 13 | 107.4 | 0.95 (0.47-1.94) | 1.000 | 734 | 86 | 117.2 | 1.03 (0.77-1.37) | .867 | 3920 | 1457 | 371.7 | 0.96 (0.90-1.01) | .139 | |
| 2020 | 92 | 18 | 195.7 | 0.72 (0.41-1.25) | .273 | 348 | 91 | 261.5 | 1.13 (0.87-1.47) | .378 | 104 | 20 | 192.3 | 1.79 (0.94-3.42) | .089 | 747 | 113 | 151.3 | 1.29 (0.99-1.68) | .057 | 3912 | 1369 | 349.9 | 0.94 (0.89-1.00) | .046 | |
| 2021 | 93 | 18 | 193.5 | 0.99 (0.55-1.78) | 1.000 | 377 | 80 | 212.2 | 0.81 (0.62-1.06) | .137 | 92 | 15 | 163.0 | 0.85 (0.46-1.56) | .709 | 831 | 105 | 126.4 | 0.84 (0.65-1.07) | .165 | 3710 | 1391 | 374.9 | 1.07 (1.01-1.14) | .024 | |
| Arab | 2017 | 31 | 6 | 193.5 | 87 | 9 | 103.4 | 24 | 3 | 125.0 | 233 | 43 | 184.5 | 908 | 242 | 266.5 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 43 | 10 | 232.6 | 1.20 (0.49-2.96) | .780 | 108 | 16 | 148.1 | 1.43 (0.67-3.08) | .395 | 32 | 3 | 93.8 | 0.75 (0.17-3.40) | 1.000 | 281 | 48 | 170.8 | 0.93 (0.64-1.34) | .728 | 853 | 226 | 264.9 | 0.99 (0.85-1.16) | .957 | |
| 2019 | 51 | 11 | 215.7 | 0.93 (0.44-1.97) | 1.000 | 110 | 13 | 118.2 | 0.80 (0.40-1.58) | .554 | 25 | 3 | 120.0 | 1.28 (0.28-5.81) | 1.000 | 275 | 43 | 156.4 | 0.92 (0.63-1.33) | .649 | 817 | 231 | 282.7 | 1.07 (0.91-1.25) | .442 | |
| 2020 | 34 | 4 | 117.6 | 0.55 (0.19-1.57) | .384 | 94 | 17 | 180.9 | 1.53 (0.78-2.98) | .237 | 20 | 2 | 100.0 | 0.83 (0.15-4.52) | 1.000 | 256 | 39 | 152.3 | 0.97 (0.65-1.45) | .905 | 758 | 211 | 278.4 | 0.98 (0.84-1.15) | .866 | |
| 2021 | 35 | 10 | 285.7 | 2.43 (0.84-7.00) | .133 | 84 | 15 | 178.6 | 0.99 (0.53-1.85) | 1.000 | 26 | 3 | 115.4 | 1.15 (0.21-6.26) | 1.000 | 231 | 43 | 186.1 | 1.22 (0.82-1.81) | .334 | 706 | 221 | 313.0 | 1.12 (0.96-1.32) | .152 | |
| Socio-economic status | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 2017 | 65 | 15 | 230.8 | 243 | 44 | 181.1 | 81 | 8 | 98.8 | 491 | 91 | 185.3 | 2818 | 1117 | 396.4 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 87 | 18 | 206.9 | 0.90 (0.49-1.64) | .843 | 287 | 56 | 195.1 | 1.08 (0.75-1.54) | .739 | 105 | 12 | 114.3 | 1.16 (0.50-2.70) | .814 | 606 | 83 | 137.0 | 0.74 (0.56-0.97) | .031 | 2908 | 1080 | 371.4 | 0.94 (0.88-1.00) | .054 | |
| 2019 | 97 | 20 | 206.2 | 1.00 (0.57-1.76) | 1.000 | 306 | 68 | 222.2 | 1.14 (0.83-1.56) | .421 | 101 | 12 | 118.8 | 1.04 (0.49-2.21) | 1.000 | 689 | 108 | 156.7 | 1.14 (0.88-1.49) | .346 | 2863 | 1009 | 352.4 | 0.95 (0.89-1.02) | .139 | |
| 2020 | 86 | 18 | 209.3 | 1.02 (0.58-1.79) | 1.000 | 295 | 78 | 264.4 | 1.19 (0.90-1.58) | .254 | 77 | 14 | 181.8 | 1.53 (0.75-3.12) | .286 | 696 | 104 | 149.4 | 0.95 (0.74-1.22) | .710 | 2861 | 964 | 336.9 | 0.96 (0.89-1.03) | .221 | |
| 2021 | 92 | 16 | 173.9 | 0.83 (0.45-1.52) | .572 | 338 | 73 | 216.0 | 0.82 (0.62-1.08) | .162 | 70 | 12 | 171.4 | 0.94 (0.47-1.90) | 1.000 | 747 | 122 | 163.3 | 1.09 (0.86-1.39) | .514 | 2716 | 987 | 363.4 | 1.08 (1.00-1.16) | .040 | |
| Medium | 2017 | 834 | 201 | 241.0 | 2,407 | 647 | 268.8 | 795 | 165 | 207.5 | 4,608 | 883 | 191.6 | 22,419 | 10,026 | 447.2 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 875 | 231 | 264.0 | 1.10 (0.93-1.29) | .290 | 2,665 | 739 | 277.3 | 1.03 (0.94-1.13) | .508 | 873 | 178 | 203.9 | 0.98 (0.81-1.19) | .856 | 5,352 | 994 | 185.7 | 0.97 (0.89-1.05) | .456 | 23,214 | 9,861 | 424.8 | 0.95 (0.93-0.97) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 969 | 264 | 272.4 | 1.03 (0.89-1.2) | .713 | 3,003 | 836 | 278.4 | 1.00 (0.92-1.09) | .929 | 942 | 199 | 211.3 | 1.04 (0.87-1.24) | .728 | 5,898 | 1,059 | 179.6 | 0.97 (0.89-1.05) | .406 | 23,662 | 9,503 | 401.6 | 0.95 (0.93-0.97) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 1,027 | 300 | 292.1 | 1.07 (0.93-1.23) | .345 | 3,197 | 949 | 296.8 | 1.07 (0.99-1.15) | .110 | 936 | 227 | 242.5 | 1.15 (0.97-1.36) | .110 | 6,167 | 1,115 | 180.8 | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | .868 | 23,226 | 8,473 | 364.8 | 0.91 (0.89-0.93) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 1,107 | 326 | 294.5 | 1.01 (0.88-1.15) | .924 | 3,322 | 979 | 294.7 | 0.99 (0.92-1.07) | .871 | 1,013 | 275 | 271.5 | 1.12 (0.96-1.30) | .147 | 6,253 | 1,219 | 194.9 | 1.08 (1.00-1.16) | .046 | 21,383 | 7,660 | 358.2 | 0.98 (0.96-1.01) | .150 | |
| High | 2017 | 293 | 78 | 266.2 | 897 | 246 | 274.2 | 323 | 92 | 284.8 | 1,508 | 326 | 216.2 | 8,627 | 4047 | 469.1 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 294 | 78 | 265.3 | 1.00 (0.76-1.30) | 1.000 | 983 | 265 | 269.6 | 0.98 (0.85-1.14) | .836 | 326 | 82 | 251.5 | 0.88 (0.68-1.14) | .376 | 1,694 | 347 | 204.8 | 0.95 (0.83-1.08) | .435 | 9,014 | 3983 | 441.9 | 0.94 (0.91-0.97) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 347 | 87 | 250.7 | 0.95 (0.73-1.23) | .717 | 1,116 | 284 | 254.5 | 0.94 (0.82-1.09) | .455 | 339 | 83 | 244.8 | 0.97 (0.75-1.27) | .858 | 1,854 | 384 | 207.1 | 1.01 (0.89-1.15) | .868 | 9,174 | 3773 | 411.3 | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 370 | 89 | 240.5 | 0.96 (0.74-1.24) | .795 | 1,191 | 309 | 259.4 | 1.02 (0.89-1.17) | .812 | 360 | 102 | 283.3 | 1.16 (0.90-1.48) | .265 | 1,903 | 366 | 192.3 | 0.93 (0.82-1.06) | .270 | 8,921 | 3453 | 387.1 | 0.94 (0.91-0.98) | .001 | |
| 2021 | 403 | 107 | 265.5 | 1.10 (0.87-1.41) | .457 | 1,314 | 385 | 293.0 | 1.13 (0.99-1.28) | .067 | 391 | 131 | 335.0 | 1.18 (0.95-1.47) | .134 | 1,927 | 379 | 196.7 | 1.02 (0.90-1.16) | .744 | 8,253 | 3057 | 370.4 | 0.96 (0.92-0.99) | .025 | |
| Characteristics | Antidepressant |
Anxiolytic |
Antipsychotics |
ADHD agents |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population, N | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | Population, N | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | Population, N | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/ year 1 (95% CI) | p | Population, N | Event, n | Rate per 1,000 | RR year/Year 1 (95% CI) | p | ||
| Total | Year | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 3,684 | 2,010 | 545.6 | 726 | 167 | 230.0 | 3,815 | 2,221 | 582.2 | 34,033 | 21,557 | 633.4 | |||||||||
| 2018 | 3,826 | 2,154 | 563.0 | 1.03 (0.99-1.07) | .131 | 702 | 160 | 227.9 | 0.99 (0.82-1.20) | .950 | 4,050 | 2,467 | 609.1 | 1.05 (1.01-1.09) | .016 | 34,581 | 20,686 | 598.2 | 0.94 (0.93-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 4,247 | 2,403 | 565.8 | 1.01 (0.97-1.04) | .805 | 659 | 167 | 253.4 | 1.11 (0.92-1.34) | .281 | 4,275 | 2,611 | 610.8 | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) | .893 | 34,223 | 19,922 | 582.1 | 0.97 (0.96-0.99) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 4,624 | 2,724 | 589.1 | 1.04 (1.00-1.08) | .027 | 598 | 166 | 277.6 | 1.10 (0.91-1.32) | .338 | 4,617 | 2,785 | 603.2 | 0.99 (0.96-1.02) | .473 | 33,427 | 18,131 | 542.4 | 0.93 (0.92-0.94) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 4,823 | 2,984 | 618.7 | 1.05 (1.02-1.09) | .003 | 601 | 179 | 297.8 | 1.07 (0.90-1.28) | .445 | 4,744 | 2,866 | 604.1 | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | .933 | 30,782 | 15,669 | 509.0 | 0.94 (0.92-0.95) | <.001 | |
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 2017 | 1,591 | 871 | 547.5 | 374 | 92 | 246.0 | 1,050 | 593 | 564.8 | 11,586 | 7,169 | 618.8 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 1,658 | 947 | 571.2 | 1.04 (0.98-1.11) | .179 | 357 | 79 | 221.3 | 0.90 (0.69-1.17) | .433 | 1,079 | 662 | 613.5 | 1.09 (1.01-1.17) | .025 | 11,748 | 6,785 | 577.5 | 0.93 (0.91-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 1,862 | 1,099 | 590.2 | 1.03 (0.98-1.09) | .259 | 331 | 87 | 262.8 | 1.19 (0.91-1.55) | .213 | 1,164 | 711 | 610.8 | 1.00 (0.93-1.06) | .897 | 11,721 | 6,658 | 568.0 | 0.98 (0.96-1.01) | .143 | |
| 2020 | 2,061 | 1,245 | 604.1 | 1.02 (0.97-1.08) | .379 | 300 | 78 | 260.0 | 0.99 (0.76-1.29) | 1.000 | 1,256 | 783 | 623.4 | 1.02 (0.96-1.09) | .530 | 11,573 | 6,116 | 528.5 | 0.93 (0.91-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 2,269 | 1,471 | 648.3 | 1.07 (1.02-1.12) | .003 | 307 | 89 | 289.9 | 1.12 (0.86-1.44) | .415 | 1,388 | 858 | 618.2 | 0.99 (0.93-1.05) | .810 | 10,809 | 5,381 | 497.8 | 0.94 (0.92-0.97) | <.001 | |
| Male | 2017 | 2,093 | 1,139 | 544.2 | 352 | 75 | 213.1 | 2,765 | 1,628 | 588.8 | 22,447 | 14,388 | 641.0 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 2,168 | 1,207 | 556.7 | 1.02 (0.97-1.08) | .423 | 345 | 81 | 234.8 | 1.1 (0.84-1.45) | .525 | 2,971 | 1,805 | 607.5 | 1.03 (0.99-1.08) | .153 | 22,833 | 13,901 | 608.8 | 0.95 (0.94-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 2,385 | 1,304 | 546.8 | 0.98 (0.93-1.03) | .512 | 328 | 80 | 243.9 | 1.04 (0.79-1.36) | .787 | 3,111 | 1,900 | 610.7 | 1.01 (0.97-1.05) | .813 | 22,502 | 13,264 | 589.5 | 0.97 (0.95-0.98) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 2,563 | 1,479 | 577.1 | 1.06 (1.00-1.11) | .034 | 298 | 88 | 295.3 | 1.21 (0.93-1.57) | .150 | 3,361 | 2,002 | 595.7 | 0.98 (0.94-1.01) | .222 | 21,854 | 12,015 | 549.8 | 0.93 (0.92-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 2,554 | 1,513 | 592.4 | 1.03 (0.98-1.08) | .269 | 294 | 90 | 306.1 | 1.04 (0.81-1.33) | .789 | 3,356 | 2,008 | 598.3 | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) | .842 | 19,973 | 10,288 | 515.1 | 0.94 (0.92-0.95) | <.001 | |
| Age, y | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 12-13 | 2017 | 764 | 408 | 534.0 | 154 | 37 | 240.3 | 1227 | 732 | 596.6 | 10,829 | 7,250 | 669.5 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 796 | 433 | 544.0 | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) | .722 | 134 | 38 | 283.6 | 1.18 (0.8-1.74) | .422 | 1323 | 828 | 625.9 | 1.05 (0.99-1.12) | .133 | 10,843 | 6,873 | 633.9 | 0.95 (0.93-0.97) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 862 | 474 | 549.9 | 1.01 (0.93-1.10) | .843 | 134 | 30 | 223.9 | 0.79 (0.52-1.19) | .326 | 1369 | 874 | 638.4 | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) | .522 | 10,872 | 6,628 | 609.6 | 0.96 (0.94-0.98) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 956 | 562 | 587.9 | 1.07 (0.99-1.16) | .107 | 109 | 41 | 376.1 | 1.68 (1.13-2.50) | .011 | 1454 | 901 | 619.7 | 0.97 (0.92-1.03) | .311 | 10,831 | 6,126 | 565.6 | 0.93 (0.91-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 1,017 | 581 | 571.3 | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) | .466 | 122 | 48 | 393.4 | 1.05 (0.75-1.45) | .892 | 1,529 | 931 | 608.9 | 0.98 (0.93-1.04) | .547 | 9,961 | 5,259 | 528.0 | 0.93 (0.91-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 14-15 | 2017 | 1,185 | 660 | 557.0 | 237 | 61 | 257.4 | 1,286 | 776 | 603.4 | 11,501 | 7,357 | 639.7 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 1,303 | 753 | 577.9 | 1.04 (0.97-1.11) | .311 | 217 | 52 | 239.6 | 0.93 (0.68-1.28) | .666 | 1,387 | 843 | 607.8 | 1.01 (0.95-1.07) | .843 | 12,005 | 7,175 | 597.7 | 0.93 (0.92-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 1,357 | 736 | 542.4 | 0.94 (0.88-1.00) | .066 | 185 | 62 | 335.1 | 1.4 (1.02-1.91) | .036 | 1,363 | 806 | 591.3 | 0.97 (0.92-1.03) | .392 | 11,558 | 6,715 | 581.0 | 0.97 (0.95-0.99) | .009 | |
| 2020 | 1,447 | 862 | 595.7 | 1.10 (1.03-1.17) | .005 | 176 | 50 | 284.1 | 0.85 (0.62-1.16) | .308 | 1,529 | 927 | 606.3 | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | .425 | 11,051 | 5,946 | 538.1 | 0.93 (0.9-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 1,586 | 996 | 628.0 | 1.05 (1.00-1.12) | .073 | 155 | 43 | 277.4 | 0.98 (0.69-1.38) | .903 | 1,578 | 974 | 617.2 | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) | .532 | 10,312 | 5,133 | 497.8 | 0.93 (0.9-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 16-17 | 2017 | 1,735 | 942 | 542.9 | 335 | 69 | 206.0 | 1,302 | 713 | 547.6 | 11,703 | 6,950 | 593.9 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 1,727 | 968 | 560.5 | 1.03 (0.97-1.10) | .305 | 351 | 70 | 199.4 | 0.97 (0.72-1.3) | .850 | 1,340 | 796 | 594.0 | 1.08 (1.02-1.16) | .017 | 11,733 | 6,638 | 565.8 | 0.95 (0.93-0.97) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 2,028 | 1,193 | 588.3 | 1.05 (0.99-1.11) | .091 | 340 | 75 | 220.6 | 1.11 (0.83-1.48) | .514 | 1,543 | 931 | 603.4 | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) | .621 | 11,793 | 6,579 | 557.9 | 0.99 (0.96-1.01) | .227 | |
| 2020 | 2,221 | 1,300 | 585.3 | 0.99 (0.95-1.05) | .852 | 313 | 75 | 239.6 | 1.09 (0.82-1.44) | .577 | 1,634 | 957 | 585.7 | 0.97 (0.92-1.03) | .312 | 11,545 | 6,059 | 524.8 | 0.94 (0.92-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 2,220 | 1,407 | 633.8 | 1.08 (1.03-1.14) | .001 | 324 | 88 | 271.6 | 1.13 (0.87-1.48) | .365 | 1,637 | 961 | 587.0 | 1.00 (0.95-1.06) | .943 | 10,509 | 5,277 | 502.1 | 0.96 (0.93-0.98) | .001 | |
| Sector | |||||||||||||||||||||
| General Jewish | 2017 | 3,217 | 1,788 | 555.8 | 585 | 125 | 213.7 | 3,216 | 1,865 | 579.9 | 29,393 | 18,661 | 634.9 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 3,356 | 1,934 | 576.3 | 1.04 (0.99-1.08) | .095 | 577 | 116 | 201.0 | 0.94 (0.75-1.18) | .613 | 3,434 | 2,094 | 609.8 | 1.05 (1.01-1.09) | .013 | 29,825 | 17,895 | 600.0 | 0.95 (0.93-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 3,717 | 2,157 | 580.3 | 1.01 (0.97-1.05) | .736 | 539 | 126 | 233.8 | 1.16 (0.93-1.45) | .191 | 3,597 | 2,205 | 613.0 | 1.01 (0.97-1.04) | .788 | 29,474 | 17,208 | 583.8 | 0.97 (0.96-0.99) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 4,040 | 2,429 | 601.2 | 1.04 (1.00-1.08) | .061 | 484 | 123 | 254.1 | 1.09 (0.88-1.35) | .466 | 3,897 | 2,330 | 597.9 | 0.98 (0.94-1.01) | .185 | 28,756 | 15,587 | 542.0 | 0.93 (0.92-0.94) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 4,246 | 2,687 | 632.8 | 1.05 (1.02-1.09) | .003 | 484 | 141 | 291.3 | 1.15 (0.93-1.41) | .220 | 3,997 | 2,404 | 601.5 | 1.01 (0.97-1.04) | .748 | 26,393 | 13,332 | 505.1 | 0.93 (0.92-0.95) | <.001 | |
| Ultra-orthodox Jewish | 2017 | 401 | 195 | 486.3 | 98 | 28 | 285.7 | 489 | 291 | 595.1 | 3,855 | 2,552 | 662.0 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 403 | 194 | 481.4 | 0.99 (0.86-1.14) | .944 | 84 | 30 | 357.1 | 1.25 (0.82-1.91) | .340 | 515 | 310 | 601.9 | 1.01 (0.91-1.12) | .847 | 4,013 | 2,470 | 615.5 | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 464 | 221 | 476.3 | 0.99 (0.86-1.14) | .892 | 85 | 26 | 305.9 | 0.86 (0.56-1.32) | .516 | 570 | 338 | 593.0 | 0.99 (0.89-1.09) | .804 | 4,083 | 2,409 | 590.0 | 0.96 (0.93-0.99) | .019 | |
| 2020 | 519 | 266 | 512.5 | 1.08 (0.95-1.22) | .277 | 82 | 30 | 365.9 | 1.20 (0.78-1.84) | .419 | 624 | 395 | 633.0 | 1.07 (0.98-1.17) | .171 | 4,063 | 2,292 | 564.1 | 0.96 (0.92-0.99) | .019 | |
| 2021 | 510 | 272 | 533.3 | 1.04 (0.93-1.17) | .533 | 89 | 24 | 269.7 | 0.74 (0.47-1.15) | .191 | 652 | 407 | 624.2 | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | .772 | 3,880 | 2,141 | 551.8 | 0.98 (0.94-1.02) | .278 | |
| Arab | 2017 | 66 | 27 | 409.1 | 43 | 14 | 325.6 | 110 | 65 | 590.9 | 784 | 344 | 438.8 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 67 | 26 | 388.1 | 0.95 (0.62-1.44) | .860 | 41 | 14 | 341.5 | 1.05 (0.57-1.92) | 1.000 | 101 | 63 | 623.8 | 1.06 (0.85-1.31) | .673 | 742 | 321 | 432.6 | 0.99 (0.88-1.11) | .836 | |
| 2019 | 66 | 25 | 378.8 | 0.98 (0.63-1.50) | 1.000 | 35 | 15 | 428.6 | 1.26 (0.71-2.22) | .484 | 108 | 68 | 629.6 | 1.01 (0.82-1.24) | 1.000 | 666 | 305 | 458.0 | 1.06 (0.94-1.19) | .361 | |
| 2020 | 65 | 29 | 446.2 | 1.18 (0.78-1.78) | .480 | 32 | 13 | 406.3 | 0.95 (0.54-1.67) | 1.000 | 96 | 60 | 625.0 | 0.99 (0.80-1.23) | 1.000 | 608 | 252 | 414.5 | 0.91 (0.80-1.03) | .127 | |
| 2021 | 67 | 25 | 373.1 | 0.84 (0.55-1.26) | .479 | 28 | 14 | 500.0 | 1.23 (0.70-2.15) | .604 | 95 | 55 | 578.9 | 0.93 (0.74-1.17) | .556 | 509 | 196 | 385.1 | 0.93 (0.80-1.07) | .327 | |
| Socio-economic status | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 2017 | 276 | 125 | 452.9 | 78 | 26 | 333.3 | 416 | 233 | 560.1 | 2,701 | 1,586 | 587.2 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 271 | 146 | 538.7 | 1.19 (1.00-1.41) | .049 | 84 | 25 | 297.6 | 0.89 (0.57-1.41) | .735 | 439 | 249 | 567.2 | 1.01 (0.9-1.14) | .836 | 2,767 | 1,511 | 546.1 | 0.93 (0.89-0.97) | .002 | |
| 2019 | 303 | 153 | 505.0 | 0.94 (0.80-1.10) | .452 | 74 | 24 | 324.3 | 1.09 (0.68-1.73) | .733 | 460 | 287 | 623.9 | 1.10 (0.99-1.23) | .089 | 2,663 | 1,404 | 527.2 | 0.97 (0.92-1.01) | .165 | |
| 2020 | 336 | 168 | 500.0 | 0.99 (0.85-1.16) | .937 | 64 | 32 | 500.0 | 1.54 (1.02-2.32) | .039 | 473 | 296 | 625.8 | 1.00 (0.91-1.11) | 1.000 | 2,602 | 1,292 | 496.5 | 0.94 (0.89-0.99) | .027 | |
| 2021 | 316 | 165 | 522.2 | 1.04 (0.90-1.21) | .584 | 75 | 26 | 346.7 | 0.69 (0.47-1.03) | .085 | 479 | 296 | 618.0 | 0.99 (0.89-1.09) | .841 | 2,389 | 1,180 | 493.9 | 0.99 (0.94-1.05) | .865 | |
| Medium | 2017 | 2,378 | 1,265 | 532.0 | 482 | 100 | 207.5 | 2,587 | 1,516 | 586.0 | 22,481 | 14,206 | 631.9 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 2,471 | 1,347 | 545.1 | 1.02 (0.97-1.08) | .372 | 457 | 100 | 218.8 | 1.05 (0.82-1.35) | .691 | 2,694 | 1,638 | 608.0 | 1.04 (0.99-1.08) | .104 | 22,702 | 13,457 | 592.8 | 0.94 (0.92-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2019 | 2,725 | 1,503 | 551.6 | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) | .655 | 409 | 103 | 251.8 | 1.15 (0.90-1.46) | .261 | 2,877 | 1,740 | 604.8 | 0.99 (0.95-1.04) | .826 | 22,465 | 12,953 | 576.6 | 0.97 (0.96-0.99) | <.001 | |
| 2020 | 2,962 | 1,721 | 581.0 | 1.05 (1.01-1.10) | .026 | 379 | 100 | 263.9 | 1.05 (0.83-1.33) | .744 | 3,149 | 1,884 | 598.3 | 0.99 (0.95-1.03) | .617 | 21,839 | 11,774 | 539.1 | 0.94 (0.92-0.95) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 3,106 | 1,876 | 604.0 | 1.04 (1.00-1.08) | .071 | 391 | 117 | 299.2 | 1.13 (0.90-1.42) | .298 | 3,200 | 1,953 | 610.3 | 1.02 (0.98-1.06) | .330 | 20,036 | 10,022 | 500.2 | 0.93 (0.91-0.95) | <.001 | |
| High | 2017 | 1,017 | 614 | 603.7 | 164 | 41 | 250.0 | 798 | 463 | 580.2 | 8,765 | 5,706 | 651.0 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 1,071 | 653 | 609.7 | 1.01 (0.94-1.08) | .788 | 160 | 35 | 218.8 | 0.88 (0.59-1.30) | .515 | 902 | 570 | 631.9 | 1.09 (1.01-1.18) | .032 | 9,029 | 5,670 | 628.0 | 0.96 (0.94-0.99) | .001 | |
| 2019 | 1,203 | 738 | 613.5 | 1.01 (0.94-1.07) | .863 | 174 | 40 | 229.9 | 1.05 (0.70-1.57) | .896 | 926 | 576 | 622.0 | 0.98 (0.92-1.06) | .664 | 9,008 | 5,513 | 612.0 | 0.97 (0.95-1.00) | .028 | |
| 2020 | 1,315 | 831 | 631.9 | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | .344 | 153 | 34 | 222.2 | 0.97 (0.65-1.45) | .895 | 983 | 597 | 607.3 | 0.98 (0.91-1.05) | .511 | 8,909 | 5,023 | 563.8 | 0.92 (0.90-0.94) | <.001 | |
| 2021 | 1,385 | 932 | 672.9 | 1.06 (1.01-1.13) | .026 | 133 | 36 | 270.7 | 1.22 (0.81-1.83) | .408 | 1,046 | 607 | 580.3 | 0.96 (0.89-1.03) | .222 | 8,268 | 4,419 | 534.5 | 0.95 (0.92-0.97) | <.001 | |
ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; RR = relative risk.