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The augmented Dickey–Fuller, Phillips–Perron, and structural break (Chow test) tests for CO2 emission data at the level (0).
| Item | Estimate |
|---|---|
| Dickey–Fuller | −3.0238 |
| Lag order | 3 |
| p value | 0.161 |
| Phillips–Perron unit root test | −9.6469 |
| Lag order | 3 |
| p value | 0.5404 |
| Structural break test | |
| (Chow test) | |
| p value | 1.00 |
The Phillips–Perron unit root test: 9.6469.
