Skip to main content
. 2023 Feb 7;11(3):e15583. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15583

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Effect of E‐4031 on contractile activity of a denuded bladder. (a) Electric field stimulation (EFS) of a denuded bladder across a range of frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 Hz). The protocol was conducted before and after incubation with E4031 (20 μM). (b.i) Mean data indicating an increase in baseline tone in the absence (control) and presence of E4031. (b.ii) Average data of increase in phasic contractile amplitude after the addition of E4031 or in the presence of the vehicle (control) (t test). (B.iii) Summary data of EFS‐induced contractions (normalized to K+ (60 mM). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001, N = 5, error bars represent standard error of the mean).