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. 2023 Feb 8;30(14):39338–39376. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25579-4

Table 2.

Constituent elements of different ash

Element Weight Percentage (wt%)
Ash A (Liati and Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler 2010) Ash B (Liati and Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler 2010) Ash C (Bagi et al. 2018) Ash D (Bagi et al. 2018) Ash E (Bagi et al. 2020) Ash F (Bagi et al. 2020)
Fe 0.90 18.90 5.09 8.05 5.28 12.46
Zn 2.80 2.50 14.08 12.61 6.44 16.00
Mg 10.90 3.20 5.05 4.54 0.41 3.58
Al 1.00 0.20 0.57 0.68 1.50 4.45
Si 1.70 1.90 0.63 0.61 3.70 0.35
P 2.10 4.90 8.22 8.22 2.04 7.09
S 10.90 1.40 5.33 7.19 2.65 10.78
K - - 0.27 0.31 1.93 0
Ca 3.30 5.60 22.56 21.78 9.78 20.32
Cu - - 0.70 0.79 0.10 0.79
C 9.50 7.30 5.88 5.61 36.30 7.58
Na 1.10 0.70 - - - -
O 55.80 53.40 31.62 29.61 29.87 16.6

The existence of C may be due to the pollution of ambient air and a small amount of coexisting soot