Table 3.
Analyses of subgroups relating autoimmune diseases to Parkinson’s disease.
| Factor | No. of studies | OR (95%CI) | I2 (%) | P | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All autoimmune diseases | 39 | 1.55 (1.33-1.81) | 95.1 | 0.000 | R |
| Study type | |||||
| Case-control study | 17 | 1.83 (1.24-2.69) | 96.5 | 0.000 | R |
| Cross-sectional study | 4 | 1.72 (1.06-2.79) | 90.2 | 0.000 | R |
| Cohort study | 18 | 1.42 (1.22-1.65) | 92.7 | 0.000 | R |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 13 | 1.51 (1.11-2.05) | 95.2 | 0.000 | R |
| Female | 13 | 1.44 (1.13-1.82) | 95.7 | 0.000 | R |
| Age | |||||
| < 65 years old | 7 | 1.02 (0.73-1.43) | 93.9 | 0.000 | R |
| ≥ 65 years old | 7 | 1.06 (0.82-1.36) | 92.7 | 0.000 | R |
| Race | |||||
| Europ | 22 | 1.36 (1.15-1.62) | 92.6 | 0.000 | R |
| Asia | 17 | 1.82 (1.37-2.43) | 96.5 | 0.000 | R |
| Study design | |||||
| Prospective | 6 | 1.45 (1.08-1.94) | 89.4 | 0.000 | R |
| Retrospective | 33 | 1.58 (1.33-1.89) | 95.6 | 0.000 | R |
| Types of autoimmune diseases | |||||
| BP | 17 | 2.67 (2.15-3.31) | 63.3 | 0.000 | R |
| IBD | 9 | 1.30 (1.18-1.45) | 54.6 | 0.024 | R |
| CD | 9 | 1.30 (1.20-1.42) | 25.2 | 0.220 | F |
| UC | 9 | 1.31 (1.14-1.50) | 51.7 | 0.035 | R |
| SS | 5 | 1.61 (1.24-2.09) | 61.9 | 0.033 | R |
| SLE | 4 | 0.82 (0.66-1.03) | 42.8 | 0.155 | F |
| MS | 4 | 2.02 (0.87-4.70) | 89.5 | 0.001 | R |
| RA | 6 | 0.79 (0.61-1.03) | 92.4 | 0.000 | R |
| GD | 3 | 1.45 (1.24-1.70) | 50.0 | 0.136 | R |
| CLD | 3 | 1.16 (0.79-1.69) | 0.0 | 0.944 | F |
R, Random model; F, Fixed model.